Abstract
Purpose
Although ischaemic preconditioning (IPC), induced by cycles of transient limb ischaemia and reperfusion, seems to improve exercise performance, the optimal duration of ischaemia–reperfusion cycles is not established. The present study investigated the effect of ischaemia–reperfusion duration within each IPC cycle on performance in a 2000-m rowing ergometer test.
Methods
After incremental and familiarization tests, 16 trained rowers (mean ± SD: age, 24 ± 11 years; weight, 74.1 ± 5.9 kg; \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\) peak, 67.2 ± 7.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly submitted to a 2000-m rowing test preceded by intermittent bilateral cuff inflation of the lower limbs with three cycles of ischaemia–reperfusion, lasting 5 min (IPC-5) or 10 min (IPC-10) at 220 or 20 mmHg (control). Power output, \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\), heart rate, blood lactate concentration, pH, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and near-infrared spectroscopy-derived measurements of the vastus lateralis muscle were continuously recorded.
Results
No differences among treatments were found in the 2000-m test (control: 424 ± 17; IPC-5: 425 ± 16; IPC-10: 424 ± 17 s; P = 0.772). IPC-10 reduced the tissue saturation index and oxy-haemoglobin concentration during exercise compared with control. The power output during the last 100-m segment was significantly lower with IPC-10. The IPC treatments increased the heart rate over the first 500 m and decreased the pH after exercise. No alterations were observed in \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\), blood lactate, or RPE among the trials.
Conclusion
In conclusion, IPC does not improve the 2000-m rowing ergometer performance of trained athletes regardless of the length of ischaemia–reperfusion cycles.
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Abbreviations
- La:
-
Blood lactate concentration
- O2Hb:
-
Oxy-haemoglobin concentration
- HHb:
-
Deoxy-haemoglobin concentrations
- AOD:
-
Accumulated oxygen deficit
- CTRL:
-
Control
- HR:
-
Heart rate
- HRpeak:
-
Peak heart rate
- LT:
-
Lactate threshold
- NIRS:
-
Near-infrared spectroscopy
- IPC:
-
Ischaemic preconditioning
- IPC-5:
-
Ischaemic preconditioning with cycles of 5-min ischaemia–reperfusion
- IPC-10:
-
Ischaemic preconditioning with cycles of 10-min ischaemia–reperfusion
- RPE:
-
Ratings of perceived exertion
- TSI:
-
Tissue saturation index
- \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\) :
-
Pulmonary oxygen uptake
- \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\)max:
-
Maximal oxygen uptake
- \(\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}}}\)peak:
-
Peak oxygen uptake
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (research grant number: 487610/2013-0) and Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC). The authors would like to acknowledge Clube Náutico Francisco Martinelli, Clube de Regatas Aldo Luz and Clube Náutico Riachuelo for their contribution. We would also like to recognize the following coaches for their contribution to the project: Douglas Oliveira, Bernard’Augusto Ferrazza Dias, Eduardo Gomes de Azevedo Filho, and Rudemar Brizola de Quadros.
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TT, RAA, RSOC and FC conceived and designed research. TT, RAA, FDL, AFS, FDL and JAGR conducted experiments. RSOC, KLP and FC contributed analytical tools. TT, RAA, RSOC and KLP analyzed data. TT, RAA, RSOC, JAGR, AFS, FDL and FC wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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Communicated by Massimo Pagani.
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Turnes, T., de Aguiar, R.A., de Oliveira Cruz, R.S. et al. Impact of ischaemia–reperfusion cycles during ischaemic preconditioning on 2000-m rowing ergometer performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 118, 1599–1607 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3891-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-018-3891-2