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Early magmatic history of the IBM arc inferred from volcanic minerals and melt inclusions from early–late Oligocene DSDP Site 296: a mineral–melt partition approach

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Abstract

The magmatic history of the early Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) arc forms a gap between a growing understanding of Eocene subduction and IBM arc initiation in the western Pacific, and Miocene- recent IBM arc processes. Fresh volcanic minerals in lapilli tuffs drilled at DSDP Site 296 on the northern Kyushu Palau Ridge (KPR) provide an opportunity to understand the early–late Oligocene magmatic evolution of the IBM arc leading up to arc rifting and opening of the Shikoku back-arc basin. In this study, we use major and trace element compositions of feldspar, amphibole and pyroxene, with melt inclusions, to infer KPR magma compositions, crystallization temperatures and pressures, and temporal sequence. A major finding of this approach is that inferred magma compositions span a wider range of trace element variation than that inferred from basaltic to dacitic glass shards within the tuffs. Elemental and thermobarometric data for clinopyroxene indicate the presence of mafic, incompatible element-depleted (Nb/Yb < 0.3 and La/SmN < 1.4) magmas that crystallized at shallow depths, and incompatible element-enriched (Nb/Yb = 8.1 and La/SmN = 6.5), mafic, amphibole-bearing arc magmas that either crystallized over a range of pressures or without reaching plagioclase saturation. We interpret the incompatible element-depleted magmas as decompression melts of a shallow BABB source mantle and the incompatible element-enriched type as mature, water-rich arc magmas. The occurrence of both types of magma in several lapilli tuff intervals in the drilled section suggests that arc extension and rifting was a gradual process leading to multiple events of decompression melting interspersed with the eruption of mature arc magma.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by NSF grant OCE 15377861 to Rosemary Hickey-Vargas. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Gabriela Fernandez in preparing the smear slides for the core samples. We also thank Thomas Beasley of the Florida Center for Analytical Electron Microscopy (FCAEM) at FIU for assistance with EPMA analyses and Dr. Sarah Jantzi of the Trace Evidence Analysis Facility (TEAF) at FIU for assistance with LA-ICP-MS analyses.

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    Eshita Samajpati & Rosemary Hickey-Vargas

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Samajpati, E., Hickey-Vargas, R. Early magmatic history of the IBM arc inferred from volcanic minerals and melt inclusions from early–late Oligocene DSDP Site 296: a mineral–melt partition approach. Contrib Mineral Petrol 177, 41 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-022-01909-6

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