Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

The open-modified Bankart procedure: long-term follow-up ‘a 16–26-year follow-up study’

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

A Bankart procedure is a surgical technique for the repair of recurrent shoulder joint dislocations. This study reports the long-term results of the ‘open’-modified Bankart procedure.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study in which patients are studied who had open-modified Bankart surgery for instability problems in the absence of a substantial osseous glenoid defect after a traumatic shoulder dislocation, 16–26 years ago, in a large regional hospital. Instability was measured with the Rowe and Oxford shoulder instability score. Furthermore, we measured physical functioning with the Constant–Murley score and the Dutch simple shoulder test. Pain was measured with the NRS for pain. Osteoarthritis was scored according the Samilson–Prieto score. Quality of life was measured with the SF-12 score. The operated shoulder was compared to the non-operated contralateral shoulder regarding instability and osteoarthritis.

Results

39 patients were included with an average follow-up of 21 years (range 16–26 years). The number of patients with redislocations of their shoulder after surgery was 4 (10%). 23% of the study group described moments of subluxation or positive apprehension. Radiological signs of osteoarthritis were present in 20 shoulders (51%), of which 75% had grade 1 arthropathy according to the Samilson Prieto score. The incidence of osteoarthritis of the operated shoulder was significantly greater compared to the non-operated shoulder. The mean Rowe score was 85 points (25–100) and the Constant score 92 points (70–100).

Conclusion

We conclude that the open-modified Bankart procedure is a reliable surgical procedure with good long-term results, 16–26 years after surgery. However, it does not prevent the development of shoulder osteoarthritis, since a high number of patients had (mainly mild) radiological osteoarthritis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Moseley HF (1962) Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. Postgrad Med 31:23–29. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14476433. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  2. Rowe CR (1956) Prognosis in dislocations of the shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg Am 38-A(5):957–977

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. McLaughlin HL, MacLellan DI (1967) Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. II. A comparative study. J Trauma 7(2):191–201

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Simonet WT, Cofield RH (2010) Prognosis in anterior shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med 12(1):19–24. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6703178. Accessed 19 Sep 2010

  5. Rowe CR, Sakellarides HT (1961) Factors related to recurrences of anterior dislocations of the shoulder. Clin Orthop 20:40–48. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13744116. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  6. McLaughlin HL, Cavallaro WU (2016) Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Am J Surg 80(6):615 – 21. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14790098. Accessed 27 Nov 2016 (passim)

  7. Hovelius L (1987) Anterior dislocation of the shoulder in teen-agers and young adults. Five-year prognosis. J Bone Jt Surg Am 69(3):393–399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kiviluoto O, Pasila M, Jaroma H, Sundholm A (1980) Immobilization after primary dislocation of the shoulder. Acta Orthop Scand 51(6):915–919. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7211296. Accessed 3 Jan 2014

  9. Arciero RA, Wheeler JH, Ryan JB, McBride JT (1994) Arthroscopic Bankart repair versus nonoperative treatment for acute, initial anterior shoulder dislocations. Am J Sport Med 22(5):589–594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Henry JH, Genung JA (2010) Natural history of glenohumeral dislocation—revisited. Am J Sports Med 10(3):135–137. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7114346. Accessed 19 Sep 2010

  11. Hovelius L, Augustini BG, Fredin H, Johansson O, Norlin R, Thorling J (1996) Primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder in young patients. A ten-year prospective study. J Bone Jt Surg Am 78(11):1677–1684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wheeler JH, Ryan JB, Arciero RA, Molinari RN (1989) Arthroscopic versus nonoperative treatment of acute shoulder dislocations in young athletes. Arthroscopy 5(3):213–217

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Rowe CR, Sakellarides HT (1961) Factors related to recurrences of anterior dislocations of the shoulder. Clin Orthop 20:40–48

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Rowe CR (1978) Instabilities of the glenohumeral joint. Bull Hosp Jt Dis 39(2):180–186. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/753446. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  15. Townley CO (1950) The capsular mechanism in recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg Am 32A(2):370–380. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15412179. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  16. Moseley HF (1963) The basic lesions of recurrent anterior dislocation. Surg Clin N Am 43:1631–1634. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14090212. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  17. Adams JC (1948) Recurrent dislocation of the shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg Br 30B(1):26–38. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18864943. Accessed 27 Nov 2016

  18. Handoll HHG, Almaiyah MA, Rangan A (2004) Surgical versus non-surgical treatment for acute anterior shoulder dislocation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004(1):CD004325. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004325.pub2

    Google Scholar 

  19. Berendes TD, Pilot P, Nagels J, Vochteloo AJH, Nelissen RGHH (2015) Survey on the management of acute first-time anterior shoulder dislocation amongst Dutch public hospitals. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2156-3

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Berendes TD, Wolterbeek R, Pilot P, Verburg H, te Slaa RL (2007) The open modified Bankart procedure: outcome at follow-up of 10 to 15 years. J Bone Jt Surg Br 89(8):1064–1068. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.89B8.19280

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chapnikoff D, Besson A, Chantelot C, Fontaine C, Migaud H, Duquennoy A (2000) Bankart procedure: clinical and radiological long-term outcome. Rev Chir Orthop Repar Appar Mot 86(6):558–565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gill TJ, Micheli LJ, Gebhard F, Binder C (1997) Bankart repair for anterior instability of the shoulder. Long-term outcome. J Bone Jt Surg Am 79(6):850–857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pelet S, Jolles BM, Farron A (2006) Bankart repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability: results at twenty-nine years’ follow-up. J Shoulder Elb Surg 15(2):203–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Rowe CR, Patel D, Southmayd WW (1978) The Bankart procedure: a long-term end-result study. J Bone Jt Surg Am 60(1):1–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Williams GN, Gangel TJ, Arciero RA, Uhorchak JM, Taylor DC (2016) Comparison of the single assessment numeric evaluation method and two shoulder rating scales. Outcomes measures after shoulder surgery. Am J Sports Med 27(2):214–221. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102104. Accessed 29 Apr 2016

  26. Constant CR, Murley AH (1987) A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res 214:160–164. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3791738. Accessed 3 Feb 2016

  27. Dawson J, Hill G, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A (2001) The benefits of using patient-based methods of assessment. Medium-term results of an observational study of shoulder surgery. J Bone Jt Surg Br 83(6):877–882

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dawson J, Fitzpatrick R, Carr A (1999) The assessment of shoulder instability. The development and validation of a questionnaire. J Bone Jt Surg Br 81(3):420–426

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. van der Linde JA, van Kampen DA, van Beers LWAH., van Deurzen DFP, Terwee CB, Willems WJ (2015) The Oxford Shoulder Instability Score; validation in Dutch and first-time assessment of its smallest detectable change. J Orthop Surg Res 10:146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-015-0286-5

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Constant CR, Murley AH (1987) A clinical method of functional assessment of the shoulder. Clin Orthop Relat Res 214:160–164

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ware J, Kosinski M, Keller SD (1996) A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: construction of scales and preliminary tests of reliability and validity. Med Care 34(3):220–233. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8628042. Accessed 21 July 2016

  32. Samilson RL, Prieto V (1983) Dislocation arthropathy of the shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg Am 65(4):456–460

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Fabre T, Abi-Chahla ML, Billaud A, Geneste M, Durandeau A (2010) Long-term results with Bankart procedure: a 26-year follow-up study of 50 cases. J Shoulder Elb Surg 19(2):318–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2009.06.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Schrumpf MA, Maak TG, Delos D et al (2014) The management of anterior glenohumeral instability with and without bone loss: AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96(2):e12. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.L.01377

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Zimmermann SM, Scheyerer MJ, Farshad M, Catanzaro S, Rahm S, Gerber C (2016) Long-term restoration of anterior shoulder stability: a retrospective analysis of arthroscopic Bankart repair versus open Latarjet procedure. J Bone Jt Surg Am 98(23):1954–1961. https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.15.01398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. van der Linde JA, van Kampen DA, Willems JW (2013) How should we define failure after surgical shoulder stabilization? Arthroscopy 29(10):1602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2013.08.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rosenberg BN, Richmond JC, Levine WN (1995) Long-term followup of Bankart reconstruction. Incidence of late degenerative glenohumeral arthrosis. Am J Sport Med 23(5):538–544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Cameron ML, Kocher MS, Briggs KK, Horan MP, Hawkins RJ (2003) The prevalence of glenohumeral osteoarthrosis in unstable shoulders. Am J Sport Med 31(1):53–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Hawkins RJ, Angelo RL (1990) Glenohumeral osteoarthrosis. A late complication of the Putti-Platt repair. J Bone Jt Surg Am 72(8):1193–1197

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Morrey BF, Janes JM (1976) Recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. Long-term follow-up of the Putti-Platt and Bankart procedures. J Bone Jt Surg Am 58(2):252–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. O’Driscoll SW, Evans DC (1993) Long-term results of staple capsulorrhaphy for anterior instability of the shoulder. J Bone Jt Surg Am 75(2):249–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Trevlyn DW (1992) Degenerative joint disease following extracapsular anterior shoulder reconstruction. Contemp Orthop 25:151–156

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zuckerman JD, Matsen 3rd FA (1984) Complications about the glenohumeral joint related to the use of screws and staples. J Bone Jt Surg Am 66(2):175–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Saxena V, D’Aquilla K, Marcoon S et al (2016) T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging to assess cartilage damage after primary shoulder dislocation. Am J Sports Med. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516655338

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Berendes.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Berendes, T., Mathijssen, N., Verburg, H. et al. The open-modified Bankart procedure: long-term follow-up ‘a 16–26-year follow-up study’. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 138, 597–603 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2866-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-017-2866-9

Keywords

Navigation