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Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults

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Abstract

Introduction

Although empirically derived dietary patterns have been examined in relation to depression, limited data are available linking theory-based dietary patterns and psychological health.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH-style diet and psychological health among Iranian adults.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was done among 3846 general public adults in Isfahan, Iran. Dietary assessment was conducted using a validated 106-item dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. To investigate participants’ adherence to DASH-style diet, we created DASH score based on earlier publications focusing on eight components (fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, dairy products, grains, sweetened beverages and sweets, sodium, and red and processed meats). Participants were classified into three categories based on their DASH score [low (≤40), moderate (41–50), and high adherence (≥51)]. This categorization, instead of distribution-based classification, was used due to low adherence to the DASH dietary pattern in the study population. Psychological health was examined by means of validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and General Health Questionnaire. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were defined based on standard criteria.

Results

We found that moderate adherence to DASH-style diet was associated with lower odds of depression (OR 0.73; 95 % CI 0.59–0.90, P trend = 0.63) compared with those with the lowest adherence. In our stratified analyses, these associations remained significant for women (0.70; 0.54–0.91) and for normal-weight participants (0.70; 0.52–0.92). Moreover, after controlling for potential confounders, an inverse association was observed between high adherence to DASH-style diet and anxiety in normal-weight participants (0.61; 0.37–0.98). Such associations were also seen between moderate adherence to DASH-eating style and anxiety in overweight or obese individuals (0.63; 0.42–0.95). We failed to find any significant association between consumption of DASH-style diet and psychological distress.

Conclusion

We found an inverse association between moderate adherence to DASH dietary pattern and depression. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the authorities of SEPAHAN study to let us work on that dataset and also the research council of Food Security Research Center for funding the study. We also appreciate the generous cooperation of Dr. Awat Feizi. This manuscript is based on the M.Sc. thesis (no. 392592) of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. This study was financially supported by Research Council of the Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Ghazaleh Valipour, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh & Leila Azadbakht

  2. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, PO Box 81745-151, Iran

    Ghazaleh Valipour, Ahmad Esmaillzadeh & Leila Azadbakht

  3. Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ahmad Esmaillzadeh & Leila Azadbakht

  4. Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Hamid Afshar

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Ammar Hassanzadeh

  6. Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Peyman Adibi

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

    Peyman Adibi

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  1. Ghazaleh Valipour
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Correspondence to Ahmad Esmaillzadeh.

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GV and AE declared no potential personal or financial conflicts of interest.

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Valipour, G., Esmaillzadeh, A., Azadbakht, L. et al. Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults. Eur J Nutr 56, 309–320 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1081-0

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