Skip to main content
Log in

Gedeckte Perforation des linken Ventrikels nach inferiorem Myokardinfarkt

Nachweis mittels Kontrastechokardiographie

Contrast echocardiography for detection of incomplete rupture of the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction

  • FALLBERICHT
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Kardiologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Myocardial rupture is a major complication after acute myocardial infarction. With complete rupture of the free left ventricular wall cardiac tamponade occurs with fatal outcome in most cases. With partial rupture, however, hemorrhage is slower, allowing days or weeks for diagnosis. Survival of these patients strongly depends on early recognition of this complication followed by immediate surgical intervention. Echocardiography is the diagnostic tool of choice to detect myocardial rupture with consecutive hemopericardium but diagnosis remains difficult even if suspected.

We describe the case of a patient with inferior infarction who presented with cardiogenic shock, echocardiographic signs of pericardial effusion and abnormal motion and myocardial irregularities of the inferior wall. With Doppler echocardiography no flow across the wall was detected. Left heart contrast echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis of suspected myocardial rupture by clear deliniation of the defect. Immediate surgical repair was successfully performed in this patient with favorable long–term outcome. Thus, echocardiography early after acute myocardial infarction is useful in detecting subsequent complications and the use of contrast echocardiography should be considered in suspected myocardial rupture.

Zusammenfassung

Eine schwerwiegende Komplikation nach akutem Herzinfarkt ist die Ruptur des infarzierten Myokards. Bei einer kompletten Ruptur der freien linksventrikulären Wand kommt es akut zu einer kardialer Tamponade mit nahezu immer tödlichem Ausgang. Bei der subakuten Form infolge partieller Ruptur verläuft die Hämorrhagie langsamer, so dass Patienten mit einer gedeckten Perforation Tage bis Wochen überleben können. Das Überleben dieser Patienten hängt wesentlich ab von der raschen Diagnosestellung und chirurgischen Intervention.

Die Echokardiographie ist die Untersuchung der Wahl um Wandrupturen mit konsekutivem Hämatoperikard darzustellen. Aber nicht immer lassen sich Wanddefekte echokardiographisch eindeutig erkennen.

Wir berichten von einem Patienten mit inferiorem Myokardinfarkt, bei dem mit Hilfe von Linksherz–Echokontrastmittel die Diagnose einer partiellen Myokardwandruptur gesichert und der Patient einer raschen chirurgischen Intervention zugeführt werden konnte. Dieser Fall zeigt, dass die frühzeitige Durchführung einer Echokardiographie nach akutem Myokardinfarkt sinnvoll ist zur Erkennung von periinfarziellen Komplikationen und die Anwendung von Linksherz–Echokontrastmittel den Nachweis und die Lokalisierung einer Wandruptur ermöglichen kann.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Becher H (2002) Kontrastechokardiographie: klinische Anwendung und Zukunftsperspektiven. Herz 27:201–216

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Camacho MT, Muehrcke DD, Loop FD. Mechanical complications. In: D Julian, E Braunwald (eds) Management of acute myocardial infarction. WB Saunders Ltd, London, p 291

  3. Cohen JL, Cheirif J, Segar DS, Gillam LD, Gottdiener JS, Hausnerova E, Bruns DE (1998) Improved left ventricular endocardial border delineation and opacification with OPTISON (FS069), a new echocardiographie contrast agent. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:746–752

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Galve E, Garcia Del Castillo H, Evangelista A Batlle J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler F (1986) Pericardial effusion in the course of myocardial infarction: incidence, natural history, and clinical relevance. Circulation 73:294–299

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Garcia-Fernández MA, Macchioli ROO, Moreno PMA, Moreno Yangüela NM, Thomas JB, López Sendon JL, López de Sá E, Abdou YH (2001) Use of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of subacute myocardial rupture after myocardial infraction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 14:945–947

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Gradaus F, Heintzen MP, Peters AJ, Perings C, Winter J, Strauer BE (1999) Large pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle after posterolateral myocardial infarction. Z Kardiol 88:20–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Krakau I, Lapp H, Wolfertz J, Gulker H (2002) Direct visualization of left ventricular free wall rupture by levocardiography. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 56:234–242

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. López Sedon J, González A, Lo pez de Sá E, Coma-Canella I, Roldán I, Dominguez F, Maqueda I, Martin Jadraque L (1992) Diagnosis of subacute ventricular wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction: sensitivity and specificity of clinical, hemodynamic and echocardiographic criteria. J Am Coll Cardiol 19:1145–1153

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. López Sendon J, López de Sá E, Garcia- Fernández MA, Moreno Yangüela M, Delcán JL (1996) Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial rupture to direct successful repair. Coron Artery Dis 7:217–223

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mulvagh SL, DeMaria AN, Feinstein SB, Burns PN, Kaul S, Miller JG, Monaghan M, Porter TR, Shaw LJ, Villanueva FS (2000) American Society of Echocardiography Task Force on Standards and Guidelines for the use of ultrasonic contrast in echocardiography. Contrast echocardiography: current and future applications. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 13:331–342 C (1987) Cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 92:219–223

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mundth E (1972) Rupture of the heart complicating myocardial infarction. Circulation 46:427–429

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Oliva PB, Hammill SC, Edwards WD (1993) Cardiac rupture, a clinically predictable complication of acute myocardial infarction: Report of 70 cases with clinicopathologic correlations. J Am Coll Cardiol 22:720–728

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. O’Rourke MF (1973) Subactue heart rupture following myocardial infarction: clinical features of a correctable condition. Lancet 2:124–126

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Paul JF, Macé L, Caussin C, Fsihi A, Berthaux X, Brenot P, Angel C (2001) Multi detector computed tomography assessment of intraseptal dissection and ventricular pseudoaneurysm in postinfarction ventricular septal defect. Circulation 104:497–498

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Pohjola-Sintonen S, Muller JE, Stone PH, Willich SN, Antman EM, Davis VG, Parker CB, Braunwald E (1989) Ventricular septal and free wall rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction: experience in the Multicenter Investigation of Limitation of Infarct Size. Am Heart J 117:809–818

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rasmussen S, Leth A, Kjoller E, Petersen A (1979) Cardiac rupture in acute myocardial infarction. Acta Med Scand 205:11–16

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Shapira I, Isakov A, Burke M, Almog C (1987) Cardiac rupture in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Chest 92:219–223

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Tanaka K, Sato N, Yasutake M, Takeda S, Takano T, Tanaka S (2002) Clinical course, timing of rupture and relationship with coronary recanalization therapy in 77 patients with ventricular free wall rupture following acute myocardial infarction. J Nippon Med Sch 69:481–488

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Waggoner AD, Williams GA, Gaffron D, Schwarze M (1999) Potential utility of left heart contrast agents in diagnosis of myocardial rupture by 2- dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 12:272–274

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Wehrens XH, Doevendans PA, Widdershoven JW, Dassen WR, Prenger K, Wellens HJ, Gorgels AP (2001) Usefulness of sinus tachykardia and ST-segment elevation in V(5) to identify impending left ventricular free wall rupture in inferior wall myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 88:414– 417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Yong Y, Wu D, Fernandez V, Kopelen HA, Shimoni S, Nagueh SF, Callahan JD, Bruns DE, Shaw LJ, Quinones MA, Zoghbi WA (2002) Diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of contrast echocardiography on evaluation of cardiac function in technically very difficult patients in the intensive care unit. Am J Cardiol 89:711–718

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zoni A, Arisi A, Corradi D, Ardissino D (2003) Images in cardiovascular medicine. Magnetic resonance imaging of impending left ventricular rupture after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 108(4):498–499

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wilkenshoff, U.M., Ale Abaei, A., Kuersten, B. et al. Gedeckte Perforation des linken Ventrikels nach inferiorem Myokardinfarkt. Z Kardiol 93, 624–629 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-004-0103-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-004-0103-3

Key words

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation