Abstract
Present study attempts to project extreme precipitation indices over 34 different meteorological subdivisions and six homogeneous regions such as Northwest, Central Northeast, Northeast, West Central, Peninsular India and Hilly Region during summer monsoon season in the twenty-first century. For this purpose, the Regional Climate Model version4 (RegCM4) had been run at 50 km horizontal resolution forced with the global model GFDL-ESM2 M, during reference period 1976–2005 for the model validation, and the mid- (2031–2060) and far-future (2070–2099) for projections under RCP8.5 scenario over the South Asia CORDEX domain. In this paper, model simulated precipitation has been validated against IMD, APHRODITE and NCEP/NCAR data sets. The results indicate that RegCM4 captures the important features of seasonal precipitation and various extreme indices over the study area. The RegCM4 has projected an increase in the mean seasonal precipitation by 0.56 mm/day whereas in case of GFDL model the rate is 0.39 mm/day during the far-future relative to the reference period. The heavy precipitation indices are projected to increase more frequently (0.264/decade) than the mean precipitation rate (0.01/decade) over India. The correlations between the extreme precipitation indices and the seasonal mean precipitation are found to be strong. In addition, the consecutive dry days are projected to occur more frequently (3–5 days) over West Central (Telangana, Vidarbha and Marathwada) and west Rajasthan while consecutive wet days are projected to decrease over larger parts of India during far-future. Similarly, 1 day maximum precipitation and the simple daily intensity index are projected to increase consistently from mid- to far- futures over some sub-divisions of West coast, Hilly and Northeast regions. From a spatial probability perspective, model projection indicates more frequent severe drought and flood conditions over India.
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Acknowledgements
Authors acknowledge India Meteorological Department and Asian Precipitation–Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Toward Evaluation (APHRODITE) for using their gridded precipitation data sets for model validation and National Center for Environmental Prediction and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis1for validating other parameters of RegCM4. We also want to acknowledge both the reviewers for their constructive comments which help us to improve the quality of the paper.
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Rai, P.K., Singh, G.P. & Dash, S.K. Projected changes in extreme precipitation events over various subdivisions of India using RegCM4. Clim Dyn 54, 247–272 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04997-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-019-04997-6