Abstract
In weather sciences, the two specific terms “storm” and “cyclone” frequently appear in literature and usually refer to the violent nature of a number of weather systems characterized by central low pressure, strong winds, large precipitation amounts in the form of rain, freezing rain, or snow, as well as thunder and lightning. But what is the connection between these two specific terms? In this paper, the historic evolutions of the terms “storm” and “cyclone” are reviewed from the perspective of weather science. The earliest recorded storms in world history are also briefly introduced. Then, the origin of the term “meteorological bomb”, which is the nickname of the “explosive cyclone” is introduced. Later, the various definitions of explosive cyclones given by several researchers are discussed. Also, the climatological features of explosive cyclones, as well as the future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change, are discussed.
摘 要
在天气学文献中, 经常出现 “风暴” 和 “气旋” 这两个术语, 它们通常都是指一些特定天气系统的暴烈本质, 其特征是中心低气压、强风和以暴雨 (冻雨或雪) 形式出现的强降水以及雷电. 但这两个特定术语之间有什么联系呢? 本文从天气学的视角, 首先回顾了 “风暴” 和 “气旋” 这两个术语的历史演变过程, 另外还简要介绍了世界上历史最古老的 “风暴”, 然后回顾了 “气象炸弹” (它也是 “爆发性气旋” 的别名)一词的起源, 随后介绍了不同学者给出的 “爆炸性气旋” 的不同定义, 最后讨论了 “爆发性气旋” 的气候特征以及全球气候变化背景下 “爆发性气旋” 的未来发展趋势.
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Acknowledgements
All authors are grateful for the financial supports of National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFC3004200) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42275001 and 41775042) to this study.
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Article Highlights
• The historic evolutions of the terms “storm” and “cyclone” are reviewed, and the origin of the term “explosive cyclone” is introduced.
• The earliest recorded storms in world history are briefly introduced.
• The climatological features and future trends of explosive cyclones under global climate change are presented.
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Fu, G., Li, P., Chen, L. et al. Historic and Future Perspectives of Storm and Cyclone. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 40, 447–463 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2184-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-022-2184-1
Key words
- weather sciences
- storm and cyclone
- the origin of explosive cyclone
- climatological features
- global climate change
- future trends