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Decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability and its relationship with the tropical Pacific

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Abstract

A robust decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability (DIOD) is identified in observations and found to be related to tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV). A Pacific Ocean–global atmosphere (POGA) experiment, with fixed radiative forcing, is conducted to evaluate the DIOD variability and its relationship with the TPDV. In this experiment, the sea surface temperature anomalies are restored to observations over the tropical Pacific, but left as interactive with the atmosphere elsewhere. The TPDV-forced DIOD, represented as the ensemble mean of 10 simulations in POGA, accounts for one third of the total variance. The forced DIOD is triggered by anomalous Walker circulation in response to the TPDV and develops following Bjerknes feedback. Thermocline anomalies do not exhibit a propagating signal, indicating an absence of oceanic planetary wave adjustment in the subtropical Indian Ocean. The DIOD–TPDV correlation differs among the 10 simulations, with a low correlation corresponding to a strong internal DIOD independent of the TPDV. The variance of this internal DIOD depends on the background state in the Indian Ocean, modulated by the thermocline depth off Sumatra/Java.

摘 要

观测数据显示印度洋偶极子存在明显的年代际变率(DIOD)且与热带太平年代际变率(TPDV)紧密相连. 固定大气辐射的 Pacific Ocean-global atmosphere(POGA) 试验被用来评估 DIOD 变率及其与 TPDV 之间的关系. 试验中热带太平洋的海表温度异常被固定为观测值, 其余海域则与大气充分耦合. 利用10组试验的集合平均代表 TPDV 强迫的 DIOD, 其贡献占总方差的三分之一. TPDV 可以通过调节Walker环流激发出赤道印度洋风场异常, 而这样的初始异常通过 Bjerknes 正反馈机制发展成为 DIOD. 而在年代际时间尺度上, 温跃层异常并没有表现出的传播特征, 表明副热带海盆的海洋行星波动调整过程并不显著. DIOD-TPDV 相关系数在 10 组试验中有着较大的差别. 当 DIOD内部变率(独立于 TPDV 的 DIOD 变率)很强时, TPDV-DIOD 相关系数低. DIOD 内部变率的强弱受热带印度洋背景场, 特别是 Sumatra/Java 近岸的温跃层深度的调节.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0601803), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) project (41606008, 41525019), the State Oceanic Administration of China (GASI-IPOVAI-02), the State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Project No. LTO1603), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [Grantin- Aid for Young Scientists (A) JP15H05466], and the Japanese Ministry of Environment (Environment Research and Technology Development Fund 2-1503).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Yun Yang, Jianping Li, Cheng Sun, Fei Xie & Juan Feng

  2. Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China

    Jianping Li

  3. Physical Oceanography Laboratory/Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China

    Lixin Wu

  4. Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan

    Yu Kosaka

  5. State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China

    Yan Du

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  1. Yun Yang
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Correspondence to Yun Yang.

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Yang, Y., Li, J., Wu, L. et al. Decadal Indian Ocean dipolar variability and its relationship with the tropical Pacific. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 34, 1282–1289 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-017-7009-2

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