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Impact of fresh root material and mature crop residues of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on microbial communities associated with subsequent oilseed rape

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Abstract

Glasshouse bioassays were conducted to assess the impact of different inputs of oilseed rape plant material on soil and rhizosphere microbial diversity associated with subsequently grown oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants. The first bioassay focussed on the effect of oilseed rape rhizodeposits and fresh detached root material on microbial communities, in a rapid-cycling experiment in which oilseed rape plants were grown successively in pots of field soil for 4 weeks at a time, with six cycles of repeated vegetative planting in the same pot. Molecular analyses of the microbial communities after each cycle showed that the obligate parasite Olpidium brassicae infected the roots of oilseed rape within 4 weeks after the first planting (irrespective of the influence of rhizodeposits alone or in the presence of fresh detached root material), and consistently dominated the rhizosphere fungal community, ranging in relative abundance from 43 to 88 % when oilseed rape was grown more than once in the same soil. Fresh detached root material also led to a reduction in diversity within the soil fungal community, due to the increased relative abundance of O. brassicae. In addition, rhizosphere bacterial communities were found to have a reduced diversity over time when fresh root material was retained in the soil. In the second glasshouse experiment, the effect of incorporating mature, field-derived oilseed rape crop residues (shoots and root material) on microbial communities associated with subsequently grown oilseed rape was investigated. As before, molecular analyses revealed that O. brassicae dominated the rhizosphere fungal community, despite not being prevalent in either the residue material or soil fungal communities.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) for funding this work as part of project IF028. We acknowledge assistance from the Horticultural Services staff at the University of Warwick, Wellesbourne campus, and Andrew Mead for assistance with all statistical analyses. The authors also thank TAG Morley for allowing us to collect soil from the rotational field-trial for use in this work, which was funded by HGCA, the cereals and oilseeds division of the Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board.

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  1. Amanda J. Bennett

    Present address: HGCA, Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board, Stoneleigh Park, Kenilworth, CV8 2TL, UK

  2. Sally Hilton & Gary D. Bending

    Present address: School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK

  3. Peter Mills

    Present address: Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, TF10 8NB, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Wellesbourne Campus, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick, CV35 9EF, UK

    Amanda J. Bennett, Sally Hilton, Gary D. Bending, David Chandler & Peter Mills

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Fig. S1

MDS plot of TRFLP data indicating differences in soil fungal communities at the start of the experiment, pre-planting (1 month after incorporation of residues) and at harvest (after 6 months growth of OSR). Treatments include a soil control (no residues incorporated), root residues (2 %, w/w), shoot residues (2 %, w/w) and a combination of roots and shoots residues (1 + 1 %, w/w). MDS analyses were derived from a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix constructed with percentage peak height data of TRFs, and each point is a single replicate. (DOCX 64 kb)

Fig. S2

MDS plot of TRFLP data indicating differences in soil bacterial communities at the start of the experiment, pre-planting (1 month after incorporation of residues) and at harvest (after 6 months growth of OSR). Treatments include a soil control (no residues incorporated), root residues (2 %, w/w), shoot residues (2 %, w/w) and a combination of roots and shoots residues (1 + 1 %, w/w). MDS analyses were derived from a Bray-Curtis similarity matrix constructed with percentage peak height data of TRFs, and each point is a single replicate. (DOCX 70 kb)

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Bennett, A.J., Hilton, S., Bending, G.D. et al. Impact of fresh root material and mature crop residues of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) on microbial communities associated with subsequent oilseed rape. Biol Fertil Soils 50, 1267–1279 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0934-7

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