Abstract
This work presents “pulsed 2D-3cLIF-EET” as a measurement setup for micro-droplet internal temperature imaging. The setup relies on a third color channel that allows correcting spatially changing energy transfer rates between the two applied fluorescent dyes. First measurement results are compared with results of two slightly different versions of the recent “pulsed 2D-2cLIF-EET” method. Results reveal a higher temperature measurement accuracy of the recent 2cLIF setup. Average droplet temperature is determined by the 2cLIF setup with an uncertainty of less than 1 K and a spatial deviation of about 3.7 K. The new 3cLIF approach would become competitive, if the existing droplet size dependency is anticipated by an additional calibration and if the processing algorithm includes spatial measurement errors more appropriately.
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Notes
Assuming a pulse duration of 4 ns and a droplet velocity of 20 m/s cause a negligible motion blur of 0.08 \(\upmu\)m, far less than the typically available optical resolution.
Fluorescence saturation describes the loss of linearity between the fluorescence signal and its excitation intensity (Chaze et al. 2016).
Self-absorption needs to be differentiated from re-absorption. While the latter case concerns interaction of two dyes, the first case considers the overlap of the emission and absorption spectrum of a single dye.
The droplet velocity is the product of the measured droplet distance and the known droplet-generation frequency.
Using dry air allows prevention of water condensation on the droplet surface.
For a 100 mum droplet, a dye concentration of 5 μM and a molar attenuation coefficient of 2 × 104 L/mol/cm (at 550 nm, compare Fig. 1c), self-absorption is estimated using the Beer–Lambert law to approximately 0.001 %.
The repetition rate is limited by the fluorescence detector.
This values is an average value. For high temperature, average received fluorescence signal intensity reduced and the noise increases slightly.
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Acknowledgements
This work was performed as part of the Cluster of Excellence “Tailor-Made Fuels from Biomass”, which is funded by the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments to promote science and research at German universities.
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Palmer, J., Reddemann, M.A., Kirsch, V. et al. Comparison of 2c- and 3cLIF droplet temperature imaging. Exp Fluids 59, 102 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-018-2545-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-018-2545-9