Abstract
Sixteen eukaryotic DNA polymerases have been identified and studied so far. Based on the sequence similarity of the catalytic subunits of DNA polymerases, these have been classified into four A, B, X and Y families except PrimPol, which belongs to the AEP family. The quaternary structure of these polymerases also varies depending upon whether they are composed of one or more subunits. Therefore, in this review, we used a quaternary structure-based classification approach to group DNA polymerases as either monomeric or multimeric and highlighted functional significance of their accessory subunits. Additionally, we have briefly summarized various DNA polymerase discoveries from a historical perspective, emphasized unique catalytic mechanism of each DNA polymerase and highlighted recent advances in understanding their cellular functions.
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Abbreviations
- PAD:
-
Polymerase-associated domain
- PIP:
-
PCNA-interacting protein
- UBZ:
-
Ubiquitin-binding zinc finger
- UBD:
-
Ubiquitin-binding domain
- AEP:
-
Archaeo-eukaryotic primase
- PCNA:
-
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
- TLS:
-
Translesion synthesis
- BER:
-
Base excision repair
- SHM:
-
Somatic hypermutation
- NHEJ:
-
Non-homologous end joining
- HR:
-
Homologous recombination
- NLS:
-
Nuclear localization signal
- dRPlyase:
-
5′-Deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase
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Acknowledgements
We thank our laboratory colleagues for their helpful discussions and critical comments. Work in NA’s laboratory is supported by institutional core support, DBT (BT/PR15470/MED/29/997/2015), and SERB (EMR-2016-000640). Shweta is a N-PDF fellow. We apologize that due to space limitation, not all of the work related to this field could be discussed or cited.
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Acharya, N., Khandagale, P., Thakur, S. et al. Quaternary structural diversity in eukaryotic DNA polymerases: monomeric to multimeric form. Curr Genet 66, 635–655 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01071-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01071-1