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Static and dynamic 18F–FET PET for the characterization of gliomas defined by IDH and 1p/19q status

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Abstract

Purpose

The molecular features isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion have gained major importance for both glioma typing and prognosis and have, therefore, been integrated in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2016. The aim of this study was to characterize static and dynamic O-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (18F–FET) PET parameters in gliomas with or without IDH mutation or 1p/19q co-deletion.

Methods

Ninety patients with newly diagnosed and untreated gliomas with a static and dynamic 18F–FET PET scan prior to evaluation of tumor tissue according to the 2016 WHO classification were identified retrospectively. Mean and maximum tumor-to-brain ratios (TBRmean/max), as well as dynamic parameters (time-to-peak and slope) of 18F–FET uptake were calculated.

Results

Sixteen (18%) oligodendrogliomas (IDH mutated, 1p/19q co-deleted), 27 (30%) astrocytomas (IDH mutated only), and 47 (52%) glioblastomas (IDH wild type only) were identified. TBRmean, TBRmax, TTP and slope discriminated between IDH mutated astrocytomas and IDH wild type glioblastomas (P < 0.01). TBRmean showed the best diagnostic performance (cut-off 1.95; sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 67%; accuracy, 81%). None of the parameters discriminated between oligodendrogliomas (IDH mutated, 1p/19q co-deleted) and glioblastomas or astrocytomas. Furthermore, TBRmean, TBRmax, TTP, and slope discriminated between gliomas with and without IDH mutation (p < 0.01). The best diagnostic performance was obtained for the combination of TTP with TBRmax or slope (accuracy, 73%).

Conclusion

Data suggest that static and dynamic 18F–FET PET parameters may allow determining non-invasively the IDH mutation status. However, IDH mutated and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendrogliomas cannot be differentiated from glioblastomas and astrocytomas by 18F–FET PET.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Wilhelm-Sander Stiftung, Germany.

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Correspondence to Antoine Verger.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed written consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Verger, A., Stoffels, G., Bauer, E.K. et al. Static and dynamic 18F–FET PET for the characterization of gliomas defined by IDH and 1p/19q status. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 45, 443–451 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-017-3846-6

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