Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have a high potential for use in several areas of agriculture including plant pathology. Nanoparticles (NPs) alone can be applied for disease management due to their antimicrobial properties. Moreover, nanobiosensors allow a rapid and sensitive diagnosis of pathogens because NPs can be conjugated with nucleic acids, proteins and other biomolecules. The use of ENM in diagnosis, delivery of fungicides and therapy is an eco-friendly and economically viable alternative. This review focuses on different promising studies concerning ENM used for plant disease management including viruses, fungi, oomycetes and bacteria; diagnosis and delivery of antimicrobials and factors affecting the efficacy of nanomaterials, entry, translocation and toxicity. Although much research is required on metallic NPs due to the possible risks to the final consumer, ENMs are undoubtedly very useful tools to achieve food security in the world.
Key points
• Increasing global population and fungicides have necessitated alternative technologies.
• Nanomaterials can be used for detection, delivery and therapy of plant diseases.
• The toxicity issues and safety should be considered before the use of nanomaterials.
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
11 February 2022
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-022-11765-w
References
Abbaszadegan, A., Ghahramani, Y., Gholami, A., Hemmateenejad, B., Dorostkar, S., Nabavizadeh, M., & Sharghi, H. (2015). The effect of charge at the surface of silver nanoparticles on antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria: A preliminary study. J Nanomater 720654https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/720654
Ahmadi S (2020) Mathematical modeling of cytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles using the index of ideality correlation criteria. Chemosphere 242:125192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125192
Alghuthaymi MA, Kalia A, Bhardwaj K, Bhardwaj P, Abd-Elsalam KA, Valis M, Kuca K (2021) Nanohybrid antifungals for control of plant diseases: current status and future perspectives. J Fungi 7(1):48. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7010048
Ali M, Ahmed T, Wu W, Hossain A, Hafeez R, Islam Masum M, Wang Y, An Q, Sun G, Li B (2020) Advancements in plant and microbe-based synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens. Nanomaterials 10(6):1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10061146
Ali SH, Ali SA (2019) Nanotechnology is the potential cause of phytotoxicity. J Biomate 3:1–6
Ananikov VP (2019) Organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. Nanomaterials 9(9):1197. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9091197
Arciniegas-Grijalba PA, Patiño-Portela MC, Mosquera-Sánchez LP, Guerrero-Vargas JA, Rodríguez-Páez JE (2017) ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their antifungal activity against coffee fungus Erythricium salmonicolor. Appl Nanosci 7(5):225–241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-017-0561-3
Athawale V, Paralikar P, Ingle AP, Rai M (2018) Biogenically engineered nanoparticles inhibit Fusarium oxysporum causing soft-rot of ginger. IET Nanobiotechnol 12(8):1084–1089. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5086 (PMID: 30964018)
Avila-Quezada, G. D., & Espino-Solis, G. P. (2019). Silver nanoparticles offer effective control of pathogenic bacteria in a wide range of food products. In Kirmusaoğlu S. (ed). Pathogenic Bacteria. IntechOpen. Croasia. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89403
Avila-Quezada GD, Esquivel JF, Silva-Rojas HV, Leyva-Mir SG, Garcia-Avila C, Noriega-Orozco L, Rivas-Valencia P, Ojeda-Barrios D, Melgoza-Castillo A (2018) Emerging plant diseases under a changing climate scenario: threats to our global food supply. Emir J Food Agric 6:443–450. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2018
Bawskar M, Deshmukh S, Bansod S, Gade A, Rai M (2015) Comparative analysis of biosynthesised and chemosynthesised silver nanoparticles with special reference to their antibacterial activity against pathogens. IET Nanobiotechnol 9(3):107–113. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0032 (Erratum.In:IETNanobiotechnol.2016Jun;10(3):169 PMID: 26023154)
Bhardwaj H, Pandey MK, Rajesh et al (2019) Electrochemical aflatoxin B1 immunosensor based on the use of graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 186: 592(2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3701-5
Bramhanwade K, Shende S, Bonde S, Gade A, Rai M (2016) Fungicidal activity of Cu nanoparticles against Fusarium causing crop diseases. Environ Chem Lett 14:229–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0543-1
Broglie JJ, Alston B, Yang C, Ma L, Adcock AF, Chen W, Yang L (2015) Antiviral activity of gold/copper sulfide core/shell nanoparticles against human norovirus virus-like particles. PLoS One 10(10):e0141050. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141050
Cai L, Cai L, Jia H, Liu C, Wang D, Sun X (2020) Foliar exposure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on Nicotiana benthamiana: evidence for nanoparticles uptake, plant growth promoter and defense response elicitor against plant virus. J Hazard Mater 3:122415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122415
Cai L, Liu C, Fan G, Liu C, Sun X (2019) Preventing viral disease by ZnONPs through directly deactivating TMV and activating the plant immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana. Environ Sci Nano 6(12):3653–3669. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9en00850k
Cai L, Liu M, Liu Z, Yang H, Sun X, Chen J, Xiang S, Ding W (2018) MgONPs can boost plant growth: evidence from increased seedling growth, morpho-physiological activities, and Mg uptake in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Molecules 23(12):3375. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23123375
Deshmukh SP, Patil SM, Mullani SB, Delekar SD (2019) Silver nanoparticles as an effective disinfectant: A review. Mater Sci Eng C 97:954–965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.102
Dyussembayev K, Sambasivam P, Bar I, Brownlie JC, Shiddiky M, Ford R (2021) Biosensor technologies for early detection and quantification of plant pathogens. Front Chem 9:636245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.636245
Elmer W, White JC (2018) The future of nanotechnology in plant pathology. Annu Rev Phytopathol 56:111–133. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050108 (PMID: 30149792)
Farooq T, Adeel M, He Z, Umar M, Shakoor N, Elmer W, White JC, Rui Y (2021) Nanotechnology and plant viruses: an emerging disease management approach for resistant pathogens. ACS Nano 15(4):6030–6037. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c10910
Fang Y, Ramasamy RP (2015) Current and prospective methods for plant disease detection. Biosensors 5(3):537–561. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios5030537
FAO. (2019). The state of food and agriculture. Moving forward on food loss and waste reduction. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. http://www.fao.org/3/CA6030EN/CA6030EN.pdf
Fortunati E, Rescignano N, Botticella E, La Fiandra D, Renzi M, Mazzaglia A, Torre L, Kenny JM, Balestra GM (2016) Effect of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles or cellulose nanocrystals-based formulations on Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and tomato plant development. Plant Dis Prot 123(6):301–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41348-016-0036-x
Galdiero S, Falanga A, Vitiello M, Cantisani M, Marra V, Galdiero M (2011) Silver nanoparticles as potential antiviral agents. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) 16(10):8894–8918. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules16108894
García-González T, Sáenz-Hidalgo HK, Silva-Rojas HV, Morales-Nieto C, Vancheva T, Koebnik R, Ávila-Quezada GD (2018) Enterobacter cloacae, an emerging plant-pathogenic bacterium affecting chili pepper seedlings. Plant Pathol J 34(1):1–10. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.06.2017.0128
Gogos A, Knauer K, Bucheli TD (2012) Nanomaterials in plant protection and fertilization: current state, foreseen applications, and research priorities. J Agri Food Chem 60(39):9781–9792. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf302154y
Guilger-Casagrande M, Germano-Costa T, Bilesky-José N, Pasquoto-Stigliani T, Carvalho L, Fraceto LF, de Lima R (2021) Influence of the capping of biogenic silver nanoparticles on their toxicity and mechanism of action towards Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Nanobiotechnol 19(1):53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00797-5
Handoko CT, Huda A, Bustan MD, Yudono B, Gulo F (2017) Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle and its antibacterial activity. Rasayan J Chem 10(4):1137–1144. https://doi.org/10.7324/RJC.2017.1041875
Hernández-Montelongo J, Nascimento VF, Murillo D, Taketa TB, Sahoo P, de Souza AA, Beppu MM, Cotta MA (2016) Nanofilms of hyaluronan/chitosan assembled layer-by-layer: an antibacterial surface for Xylella fastidiosa. Carbohydr Polym 136:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.076
Hong J, Peralta-Videa JR, Rico C, Sahi S, Viveros MN, Bartonjo J, Zhao L, Gardea-Torresdey JL (2014) Evidence of translocation and physiological impacts of foliar applied CeO2 nanoparticles on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. Environ Sci Tech 48(8):4376–4385. https://doi.org/10.1021/es404931g
Hu P, An J, Faulkner MM, Wu H, Li Z, Tian X, Giraldo JP (2020) Nanoparticle charge and size control foliar delivery efficiency to plant cells and organelles. ACS Nano 14(7):7970–7986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.9b09178
Iavicoli I, Leso V, Beezhold DH, Shvedova AA (2017) Nanotechnology in agriculture: opportunities, toxicological implications, and occupational risks. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 329:96–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.025
Ingle AP, Rai M (2017) Copper nanoflowers as effective antifungal agents for plant pathogenic fungi. IET Nanobiotechnol 11(5):546–551. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-nbt.2016.0170
Ivask A, Kurvet I, Kasemets K, Blinova I, Aruoja V, Suppi S, Vija H, Käkinen A, Titma T, Heinlaan M, Visnapuu M, Koller D, Kisand V, Kahru A (2014) Size-dependent toxicity of silver nanoparticles to bacteria, yeast, algae, crustaceans and mammalian cells in vitro. PLoS One 9(7):e102108. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102108
Jogee PS, Ingle AP, Rai M (2017) Isolation and identification of toxigenic fungi in infected peanuts and efficacy of silver nanoparticles against them. Food Control 71:143–151
Kalia A, Abd-Elsalam KA, Kuca K (2020) Zinc-based nanomaterials for diagnosis and management of plant diseases: Ecological safety and future prospects. J Fungi 6(4):222. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040222
Kashyap PL, Kumar S, Srivastava AK (2017) Nanodiagnostics for plant pathogens. Environ Chem Lett 15:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-016-0580-4
Keller AA, Huang Y, Nelson J (2018) Detection of nanoparticles in edible plant tissues exposed to nano-copper using single-particle ICP-MS. J Nanopart Res 20(4):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-018-4192-8
Khater M, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Merkoçi A (2017) Biosensors for plant pathogen detection. Biosens Bioelecron 93:72–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.091
Khazaei H, Monneveux P, Hongbo S, Mohammady S (2010) Variation for stomatal characteristics and water use efficiency among diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid Iranian wheat landraces. Genet Resour Crop Evol 57(2):307–314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-009-9471-x
Koli P, Singh BB, Shakil NA, Kumar J, Kamil D (2015) Development of controlled release nanoformulations of carbendazim employing amphiphilic polymers and their bioefficacy evaluation against Rhizoctonia solani. J Environ Sci Health B 50(9):674–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2015.1038961
Kumar S, Nehra M, Dilbaghi N, Marrazza G, Hassan AA, Kim KH (2019) Nano-based smart pesticide formulations: emerging opportunities for agriculture. J Control Release 294:131–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.012
Kurepa J, Paunesku T, Vogt S, Arora H, Rabatic BM, Lu J, Wanzer MB, Woloschak GE, Smalle JA (2010) Uptake and distribution of ultrasmall anatase TiO2 Alizarin red S nanoconjugates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nano Lett 10(7):2296–2302. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903518f
Larue C, Castillo-Michel H, Sobanska S, Trcera N, Sorieul S, Cécillon L, Ouerdane L, Legros S, Sarret G (2014) Fate of pristine TiO2 nanoparticles and aged paint-containing TiO2 nanoparticles in lettuce crop after foliar exposure. J Hazard Mater 273:17–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.014
Lombardo D, Kiselev MA, Caccamo MT (2019) Smart nanoparticles for drug delivery application: development of versatile nanocarrier platforms in biotechnology and nanomedicine. J. Nanomater. 26(2019):Article ID 3702518. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3702518
Machado TO, Beckers SJ, Fischer J, Müller B, Sayer C, de Araújo P, Landfester K, Wurm FR (2020) Bio-based lignin nanocarriers loaded with fungicides as a versatile platform for drug delivery in plants. Biomacromol 21(7):2755–2763. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00487
Mahapatro A, Singh DK (2011) Biodegradable nanoparticles are excellent vehicle for site directed in vivo delivery of drugs and vaccines. J Nanobiotechnol 9(1):55. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-3155-9-55
Miranda-Gómez B, García-Hernández A, Muñoz-Castellanos L, Ojeda-Barrios DL, Avila-Quezada GD (2014) Pectate lyase production at high and low pH by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum acutatum. Afr J Microbiol Res 8(19):1948–1954. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2014.6765
Mohanty A, Kathawala MH, Zhang J, Chen WN, Loo JSC, Kjelleberg S, Yang L, Cao B (2014) Biogenic tellurium nanorods as a novel antivirulence agent inhibiting pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biotechnol Bioeng 111(5):858–865. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25147
Morales-Díaz AB, Ortega-Ortíz H, Juárez-Maldonado A, Cadenas-Pliego G, González-Morales S, Benavides-Mendoza A (2017) Application of nanoelements in plant nutrition and its impact in ecosystems. Adv Nat Sci Nanosci Nanotechnol 8(1):013001. https://doi.org/10.1088/2043-6254/8/1/013001
Morones JR, Elechiguerra JL, Camacho A, Holt K, Kouri JB, Ramírez JT, Yacaman MJ (2005) The bactericidal effect of silver nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 16(10):2346–2353. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/10/059
Mujeebur RK, Tanveer FR (2014) Nanotechnology: scope and application in plant disease management. Plant Pathol J 13(3):214–231. https://doi.org/10.3923/ppj.2014.214.231
Mundargi RC, Babu VR, Rangaswamy V, Patel P, Aminabhavi TM (2008) Nano/micro technologies for delivering macromolecular therapeutics using poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) and its derivatives. J Control Release 125(3):193–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2007.09.013
Nagaraju RS, Sriram RH, Achur R (2020) Antifungal activity of carbendazim-conjugated silver nanoparticles against anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in mango. J Plant Pathol 102(1):39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42161-019-00370-y
Pal S, Tak YK, Song JM (2007) Does the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles depend on the shape of the nanoparticle? A study of the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(6):1712–1720. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02218-06
Patra JK, Das G, Fraceto LF, Campos EVR, del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres M, Acosta-Torres LS, Diaz-Torres LA, Grillo R, Swamy MK, Sharma S, Habtemariam S, Shin HS (2018) Nano based drug delivery systems: recent developments and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnol 16(1):1–33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-018-0392-8
Pérez-de-Luque A (2017) Interaction of nanomaterials with plants: what do we need for real applications in agriculture? Front Environ Sci 5:12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2017.00012
Rad, F., Mohsenifar, A., Tabatabaei, M., Safarnejad, M. R., Shahryari, F., Safarpour, H., Foroutan, A., Mardi, M., Davoudi, D., & Fotokian, M. (2012). Detection of Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia with a quantum dots fret-based biosensor. J. Plant Pathol., 94, 525–534. http://www.jstor.org/stable/45156279
Rai M, Ingle AP, Paralikar P, Anasane N, Gade R, Ingle P (2018) Effective management of soft rot of ginger caused by Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp.: emerging role of nanotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102:6827–6839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9145-8
Rai M, Ingle AP, Pandit R, Paralikar P, Shende S, Gupta I, Biswas JK, da Silva SS (2018) Copper and copper nanoparticles: role in management of insect-pests and pathogenic microbes. Nanotechnol Rev 7(4):303–315. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2018-0031
Rai M, Ingle AP, Trzcińska-Wencel J, Wypij M, Bonde S, Yadav A, Kratošová G, Golińska P (2021) Biogenic silver nanoparticles: what we know and what do we need to know? Nanomaterials 11(11):2901. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11112901
Raliya R, Nair R, Chavalmane S, Wang WN, Biswas P (2015) Mechanistic evaluation of translocation and physiological impact of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles on the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant. Metallomics 7(12):1584–1594. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5mt00168d
Rezvani Amin Z, Khashyarmanesh Z, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Sabeti Noghabi Z (2019) Does biosynthetic silver nanoparticles are more stable with lower toxicity than their synthetic counterparts? Iranian J Pharmaceutical Res : IJPR 18(1):210–221
Sahu SC, Hayes AW (2017) Toxicity of nanomaterials found in human environment: a literature review. Toxicol Res Appl 1:2397847317726352. https://doi.org/10.1177/2397847317726352
Salma U, Chen N, Richter DL, Filson PB, Dawson-Andoh B, Matuana L, Heiden P (2010) Amphiphilic core/shell nanoparticles to reduce biocide leaching from treated wood, 1–leaching and biological efficacy. Macromol Mater Eng 295(5):442–450. https://doi.org/10.1002/mame.200900250
Sanzari I, Leone A, Ambrosone A (2019) Nanotechnology in Plant Science: To Make a Long Story Short. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:120. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2019.00120
Savary S, Willocquet L, Pethybridge SJ, Esker P, McRoberts N, Nelson A (2019) The global burden of pathogens and pests on major food crops. Nat Ecol Evol 3(3):430–439. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-018-0793-y
Schwenkbier L, Pollok S, König S, Urban M, Werres S, Cialla-May D, Weber K, Popp J (2015) Towards on-site testing of Phytophthora species. Anal Methods 7(1):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4AY02287D
Singh A, Gautam PK, Verma A, Singh V, Shivapriya PM, Shivalkar S, Sahoo AK, Samanta SK (2020) Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles as effective alternatives to treat antibiotics resistant bacterial infections: a review. Biotechnol Rep 25:e00427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00427
Singh A, Poshtiban S, Evoy S (2013) Recent advance in bacteriophage based biosensors for foodborne pathogen detection. Sensors 13(2):1763–1786. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130201763
Sirelkhatim A, Mahmud S, Seeni A, Kaus NHM, Ann LC, Bakhori SKM, Hasan H, Mohamad D (2015) Review on zinc oxide nanoparticles: antibacterial activity and toxicity mechanism. Nano-Micro Lett 7(3):219–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-015-0040-x
Sneha K, Sathishkumar M, Kim S, Yun YS (2010) Counter ions and temperatura incorporated tailoring of biogenic gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem 45(9):1450–1458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.05.019
Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B (2004) Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. J Colloid Interface Sci 275(1): 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.02.012
Su Y, Ashworth V, Kim C, Adeleye AS, Rolshausen P, Roper C, White J, Jassby D (2019) Delivery, uptake, fate, and transport of engineered nanoparticles in plants: a critical review and data analysis. Environ Sci Nano 6(8):2311–2331. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EN00461K
Talebian N, Amininezhad SM, Doudi M (2013) Controllable synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and their morphology-dependent antibacterial and optical properties. J Photoche Photobiol b: Biol 120:66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.01.004
Thipe, V. C., Thatyana, M., Ajayi, F. R., Njobeh, P. B., & Katti, K. V. (2020). Hybrid nanomaterials for detection, detoxification, and management mycotoxins. In: Multifunctional hybrid nanomaterials for sustainable agri-food and ecosystems. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier; p. 271–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-821354-4.00012-1
Vargas-Hernandez M, Macias-Bobadilla I, Guevara-Gonzalez RG, Rico-Garcia E, Ocampo-Velazquez RV, Avila-Juarez L, Torres-Pacheco I (2020) Nanoparticles as potential antivirals in agriculture. Agriculture 10(10):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100444
Wang P, Lombi E, Zhao F-J, Kopittke PM (2016) Nanotechnology: A new opportunity in plant sciences. Trends Plant Sci 21(8):699–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2016.04.005
Wang S, Kurepa J, Smalle JA (2011) Ultra-small TiO nanoparticles disrupt microtubular networks in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant, Cell Environ 34(5):811–820. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02284.x
Wang W-N, Tarafdar JC, Biswas P (2013) Nanoparticle synthesis and delivery by an aerosol route for watermelon plant foliar uptake. J Nanopart Res 15(1):1417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-013-1417-8
Wang X, Liu X, Chen J, Han H, Yuan Z (2014) Evaluation and mechanism of antifungal effects of carbon nanomaterials in controlling plant fungal pathogen. Carbon 68:798–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.11.072
Wen S, Hui Y, Chuang W (2021) Biosynthesis and antioxidation of nano-selenium using lemon juice as a reducing agent. Green Process Synth 10(1):178–188. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2021-0018
Worrall EA, Hamid A, Mody KT, Mitter N, Pappu HR (2018) Nanotechnology for plant disease management. Agronomy 8(12):285. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120285
Yan A, Chen Z (2019) Impacts of silver nanoparticles on plants: a focus on the phytotoxicity and underlying mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 20(5):1003. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051003
Yang C, Powell CA, Duan Y, Shatters R, Zhang M (2015) Antimicrobial nanoemulsion formulation with improved penetration of foliar spray through citrus leaf cuticles to control citrus huanglongbing. PLoS One 10(7):e0133826. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133826
Zhang D, Wei L, Zhong M, Xiao L, Li HW, Wang J (2018) The morphology and surface charge-dependent cellular uptake efficiency of upconversion nanostructures revealed by single particle optical microscopy. Chem Sci 9(23):5260–5269. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8SC01828F
Zhao L, Huang Y, Adeleye AS, Keller AA (2017) Metabolomics reveals Cu(OH)2 nanopesticide-activated anti-oxidative pathways and decreased beneficial antioxidants in spinach leaves. Environ Sci Technol 51(17):10184–10194. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02163
Acknowledgements
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
M.R. conceived and designed the review. G.D.A. contributed substantially. P.G. co-wrote the manuscript. M.R. critically revised the mss. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Avila-Quezada, G.D., Golinska, P. & Rai, M. Engineered nanomaterials in plant diseases: can we combat phytopathogens?. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 106, 117–129 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11725-w
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11725-w