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Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress

  • Biotechnological products and process engineering
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Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus causes severe infections and among all methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) remains a great challenge in spite of decade research of antibacterial compounds. Even though some synthetic antibiotics have been developed, they are not effective against MRSA, and hence, there is a search for natural, alternative and plant-based antibacterial compound. In this connection, catechin isolated from cashew nut shell was investigated for its antibacterial potential against MRSA. Catechin exhibited zone of inhibition (ZOI) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a range of 15.1–19.5 mm and 78.1–156.2 μg/ml, respectively, against ATCC and clinical isolates of MRSA. Among all clinical isolates, clinical isolate-3 exhibited highest sensitivity to catechin. Catechin has arrested the growth of MRSA strains and also caused toxicity by membrane disruption which was illustrated by AO/EB fluorescence staining. Increased nucleic acid leakage (1.58–28.6-fold) and protein leakage (1.40–23.50-fold) was noticed in MRSA due to catechin treatment when compared to methicillin. Bacteria treated with catechin at its MIC showed 1.52-, 1.87- and 1.74-fold increase of ROS production in methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), MRSA and clinical isolate-3 strains, respectively, as compared to control. Superoxide dismutase (5.31–9.63 U/mg protein) and catalase (1573–3930 U/mg protein) were significantly decreased as compared to control in catechin-treated S. aureus. Thus, catechin exhibited antibacterial activity through oxidative stress by increased production of ROS and decreased antioxidant enzymes. Altogether results suggest that catechin is a promising lead compound with antibacterial potential against MRSA.

Key points

• Catechin was isolated and identified as active compound in cashew nut shell.

• Catechin exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA.

• Bacterial cell wall damage was caused by catechin in MRSA strains.

• Catechin increased the oxidative stress in MRSA by intracellular ROS production.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to DST-FIST instrumentation facility (SR/FST/ETI-331/2013) and also grateful to the Management of SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, for their encouragement and support.

Funding

The research project was financially supported by SERB, Government of India (Start-up Grant No. YSS/2014/000332).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

    Simran Sinsinwar & Vellingiri Vadivel

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  1. Simran Sinsinwar
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  2. Vellingiri Vadivel
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Contributions

SS has performed the experiments, acquisition and analysis of data, and writing the manuscript draft. VV has contributed in supervision, conceptualisation, designed the experiments, analyzed the data, project administration and manuscript writing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vellingiri Vadivel.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This article does not contain any studies with animals or humans performed by any of the authors. Authors obtained approval from the Institutional Bio-safety Committee (IBC Ref. No. SASTRA/IBSC/9/2018 dt. 27-04-2018) for working with human pathogen MRSA.

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Sinsinwar, S., Vadivel, V. Catechin isolated from cashew nut shell exhibits antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of MRSA through ROS-mediated oxidative stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 8279–8297 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10853-z

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