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Therapeutic potentials of short interfering RNAs

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Abstract

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) is one of the members of the family of RNA interference (RNAi). Coupled with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), siRNA is able to trigger the cleavage of target RNAs which serve as a defensive system against pathogens. Meanwhile, siRNA in gene silencing opens a new avenue for the treatment of various diseases. SiRNA can effectively inhibit viral infection and replication and suppress tumorigenesis and various inflammation-associated diseases and cardiovascular diseases by inactivation of viral genes and downregulation of oncogene expression. Recently, endogenous siRNAs (endo-siRNAs) were discovered in the reproductive cells of animals which may be associated with regulation of cell division. Structural modification of siRNA enhances the delivery, specificity and efficacy and bioavailability to the target cells. There are at least five categories of siRNA delivery systems including viral vectors, lipid-based nanoparticles, peptide-based nanoparticles, polymer-based nanoparticles and inorganic small molecules like metal ions, silica and carbon. Sufficient preclinical and clinical studies supported that siRNA may be a potential medicine for targeted therapy of various diseases in the near future.

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  1. School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Area 39, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Chit Tam, Jack Ho Wong, Randy Chi Fai Cheung & Tzi Bun Ng

  2. Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China

    Tao Zuo

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  1. Chit Tam
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  2. Jack Ho Wong
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  3. Randy Chi Fai Cheung
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  4. Tao Zuo
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  5. Tzi Bun Ng
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Correspondence to Chit Tam or Tzi Bun Ng.

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Tam, C., Wong, J.H., Cheung, R.C.F. et al. Therapeutic potentials of short interfering RNAs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101, 7091–7111 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8433-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8433-z

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