References
André P, Biassoni R, Colonna M, Cosman LL, Lanier LL, Long EO, Lopez-Botet M, Moretta A, Moretta L, Parham P, Trowsdale J, Vivier E, Wagtmann N, Wilson MJ (2001) New nomenclature for MHC receptors. Nature Immunol 2:661
Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Falco M, Verdiani S, Bottino C, Vitale M, Conte R, Poggi A, Moretta A, Moretta L (1996) The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C-specific "activatory" or "inhibitory" natural killer cell receptors display highly homologous extracellular domains but differ in their transmembrane and intracytoplasmic portions. J Exp Med 183:645–650
Biassoni R, Pessino A, Malaspina A, Cantoni C, Bottino C, Sivori S, Moretta L, and Moretta A (1997) Role of amino acid position 70 in the binding affinity of p50.1 and p58.1 receptors for HLA-Cw4 molecules. Eur J Immunol 27:3095–3099
Bottino C, Sivori S, Vitale M, Cantoni C, Falco M, Pende D, Morelli L, Augugliaro R, Semenzato G, Biassoni R, Moretta L, Moretta A (1996) A novel surface molecule homologous to the p58/p50 family of receptors is selectively expressed on a subset of human natural killer cells and induces both triggering of cell functions and proliferation. Eur J Immunol 26:1816–1824
Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Falco M, Pessino A, Cilli M, Conte R, Pende D, Ponte M, Mikaelsson M. S, Moretta L, Biassoni R (1998) p49 a putative HLA class I-specific inhibitory NK receptor belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Eur J Immunol 28:1980–1990
Colonna M, Samaridis J (1995) Cloning of immunoglobulin-superfamily members associated with HLA-C and HLA-B recognition by human natural killer cells. Science 268:405–408
Crum KA, Logue SE, Curran MD, Middleton D (2000) Development of a PCR-SSOP approach capable of defining the natural killer cell inhibitory receptor (KIR) gene sequence repertoires. Tissue Antigens 56:313–326
D'Andrea A, Chang C, Franz-Bacon K, McClanahan T, Phillips JH, Lanier LL (1995) Molecular cloning of NKB1. A natural killer cell receptor for HLA-B allotypes. J Immunol 155: 2306–2310
Dohring C, Samaridis J, Colonna M (1996) Alternatively spliced forms of human killer inhibitory receptors. Immunogenetics 44:227–230
Gardiner CM, Guethlein LA, Shilling HG, Pando M, Carr WH, Rajalingam R, Vilches C, Parham P (2001) Different NK cell surface phenotypes defined by the DX9 antibody are due to KIR3DL1 gene polymorphism. J Immunol 166:2992–3001
Gomez-Lozano N, Gardiner CM, Parham P, Vilches C (2002) Some human KIR haplotypes contain two KIR2DL5 genes: KIR2DL5A and KIR2DL5B. Immunogenetics 54:314–319
Hsu KC, Chida S, Geraghty DE, Dupont B (2002a) The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genomic region: gene-order haplotypes and allelic polymorphism. Immunol Rev 190:40–52
Hsu KC, Liu X-R, Selvakumar A, Mickelson E, O'Reilly RJ, Dupont B (2002b) Killer Ig-like receptor haplotype analysis by gene content: evidence for genomic diversity with a minimum of six basic framework haplotypes each with multiple subsets. J Immunol 169:5118–5129
Long EO, Colonna M, Lanier LL (1996) Inhibitory MHC class I receptors on NK and T cells: a standard nomenclature. Immunol Today 17:100
Long EO, Barber DF, Burshtyn DN, Faure M, Peterson M, Rajagopalan S, Renard V, Sandusky M, Stebbins CC, Wagtmann N, Watzl C (2001) Inhibition of natural killer cell activation signals by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (CD158). Immunol Rev 181:223–233
Marsh SGE, Albert ED, Bodmer WF, Bontrop RE, Dupont B, Erlich HA, Geraghty DE, Hansen JA, Mach B, Mayr WR, Parham P, Petersdorf EW, Sasazuki T, Schreuder GM, Strominger JL, Svejgaard A, Terasaki PI (2002) Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system 2002. Tissue Antigens 60:407–464
Martin AM, Freitas EM, Witt CS, Christiansen FT (2000) The genomic organization and evolution of the natural killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene cluster. Immunogenetics 51:268–280
Maxwell LD, Wallace A, Middleton D, Curran MD (2002) A common KIR2DS4 deletion variant in the human that predicts a soluble KIR molecule analogous to the KIR1D molecule observed in the rhesus monkey. Tissue Antigens 60:254–258
Moretta A, Bottino C, Biassoni R (1997) CD158a (p58.1/p50.1) and CD158b (p58.2/p50.2) natural killer receptors for HLA-C alleles. Workshop Panel Report. In: Kishimoto T, Kikutani H, von dem Born AEGK, Goyert SM, Masou DY, Miyasaka M, Moretta K, Okumura K, Shaw S, Springer TA, Sugamura K, Zola H (eds) Leucocyte typing VI: White cell differentiation antigens. Garland, New York, pp 1109–1220
Pascal V, Vivier E, André P (2002) CD158 (killer immunoglobulin-like receptors family) report. In Mason D (ed) Leucocyte typing VII. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 412–413
Pende D, Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Falco M, di Donato C, Accame L, Bottino C, Moretta A, Moretta L (1996) The natural killer cell receptor specific for HLA-A allotypes: a novel member of the p58/p70 family of inhibitory receptors that is characterized by three immunoglobulin-like domains and is expressed as a 140-kD disulphide-linked dimer. J Exp Med 184:505–518
Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Canavez F, Vilches C, Parham P (2001) Identification of seventeen novel KIR variants: fourteen of them from two non-Caucasian donors. Tissue Antigens 57:22–31
Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B (1996) NK cell receptor gene of the KIR family with two IG domains but highest homology to KIR receptors with three IG domains. Tissue Antigens 48:285–294
Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Dupont B (1997a) Polymorphism and domain variability of human killer cell inhibitory receptors. Immunol Rev 155:183–196
Selvakumar A, Steffens U, Palanisamy N, Chaganti RS, Dupont B (1997b) Genomic organization and allelic polymorphism of the human killer cell inhibitory receptor gene KIR103. Tissue Antigens 49:564–573
Shilling HG, Guethlein LA, Cheng NW, Gardiner CM, Rodriguez R, Tyan D, Parham P (2002) Allelic polymorphism synergizes with variable gene content to individualize human KIR genotype. J Immunol 168:2307–2315
Torkar M, Norgate Z, Colonna M, Trowsdale J, Wilson MJ (1998) Isotypic variation of novel immunoglobulin-like transcript/killer cell inhibitory receptor loci in the leucocyte receptor complex. Eur J Immunol 28:3959–3967
Uhrberg M, Valiante NM, Shum BP, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Corliss B, Tyan D, Lanier LL, Parham P (1997) Human diversity in killer cell inhibitory receptor genes. Immunity 7:753–763
Valiante NM, Uhrberg M, Shilling HG, Lienert-Weidenbach K, Arnett KL, D'Andrea A, Phillips JH, Lanier LL, Parham P (1997) Functionally and structurally distinct NK cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood of two human donors. Immunity 7:739–751
Vilches C, Parham P (2002) KIR: diverse rapidly evolving receptors of innate and adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 20:217–251
Vilches C, Gardiner CM, Parham P (2000a) Gene structure and promoter variation of expressed and nonexpressed variants of the KIR2DL5 gene. J Immunol 165:6416–6421
Vilches C, Pando MJ, Rajalingam R, Gardiner CM, Parham P (2000b) Discovery of two novel variants of KIR2DS5 reveals this gene to be a common component of human KIR 'B' haplotypes. Tissue Antigens 56:453–456
Vilches C, Rajalingam R, Uhrberg M, Gardiner CM, Young NT, Parham P (2000c) KIR2DL5 a novel killer-cell receptor with a D0-D2 configuration of Ig-like domains. J Immunol 164:5797–5804
Wagtmann N, Biassoni R, Cantoni C, Verdiani S, Malnati MS, Vitale M, Bottino C, Moretta L, Moretta A, Long EO (1995a) Molecular clones of the p58 NK cell receptor reveal immunoglobulin-related molecules with diversity in both the extra- and intracellular domains. Immunity 2:439–449
Wagtmann N, Rajagopalan S, Winter CC, Peruzzi M, Long EO (1995b) Killer cell inhibitory receptors specific for HLA-C and HLA-B identified by direct binding and by functional transfer. Immunity 3:801–809
Wilson MJ, Torkar M, Haude A, Milne S, Jones T, Sheer D, Beck S, Trowsdale J (2000) Plasticity in the organization and sequences of human KIR/ILT gene families. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4778–4783
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marsh, S.G.E., Parham, P., Dupont, B. et al. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) nomenclature report, 2002. Immunogenetics 55, 220–226 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0571-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0571-z