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Accelerated Evolutionary Rate of Housekeeping Genes in Tunicates

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Abstract

Phylogenomics has recently revealed that tunicates represent the sister-group of vertebrates in the newly defined clade Olfactores. However, phylogenomic and comparative genomic studies have also suggested that tunicates are characterized by an elevated rate of molecular evolution and a high degree of genomic divergence. Despite the recurrent interest in the group, the picture of tunicate peculiar evolutionary dynamics is still fragmentary, as it mainly lies in studies focusing on only a few model species. In order to expand the available genomic data for the group, we used the high-throughput 454 technology to sequence the partial transcriptome of a previously unsampled tunicate, Microcosmus squamiger. This allowed us to get further insights into tunicate-accelerated evolution through a comparative analysis based on pertinent phylogenetic markers, i.e., a core of 35 housekeeping genes conserved across bilaterians. Our results showed that tunicates evolved on average about two times faster than the other chordates, yet the degree of this acceleration varied extensively upon genes and upon lineages. Appendicularia and Aplousobranchia were detected as the most divergent groups which were also characterized by highly heterogeneous substitution rates across genes. Finally, an estimation of the d N/d S ratio in three pairs of closely related taxa within Olfactores did not reveal strong differences between the tunicate and vertebrate lineages suggesting that for this set of housekeeping genes, the accelerated evolution of tunicates is plausibly due to an elevated mutation rate rather than to particular selective effects.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the associated editor and two anonymous referees for their constructive comments. This study has been supported by the Research Networks Program in Bioinformatics of the High Council for Scientific and Technological Cooperation between France and Israel, by the European Research Council (‘PopPhyl’: Population Phylogenomics), and benefited from the ISE-M computing cluster. This study is contribution to ISEM 2010-049 of the Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (UMR 5554-CNRS).

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  1. Université Montpellier 2 and CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution (UMR 5554), CC064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 05, France

    Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Nicolas Galtier, Emmanuel J. P. Douzery & Frédéric Delsuc

  2. Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB, CSIC), Accés Cala S. Francesc 14, 17300, Blanes (Girona), Spain

    Xavier Turon

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  1. Georgia Tsagkogeorga
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Tsagkogeorga, G., Turon, X., Galtier, N. et al. Accelerated Evolutionary Rate of Housekeeping Genes in Tunicates. J Mol Evol 71, 153–167 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9372-9

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