References
Duran-Sandoval D, Thomas AN, Bailleul B, Fruchart JC, Staels B (2003) Pharmacologie des agonistes PPARα et PPARγ et des activateurs mixtes en déveleppement clinique. Med Sci 19:819–825
Rubenstrunk A, Hanf R, Hum DW, Fruchart JC, Staels B (2007) Safety issues and prospects for future generations of PPAR modulators. Biochem Biophys Acta 1771:1065–1081
El-Hage J (2004) Preclinical and clinical safety assessments for PPAR agonists. http://www.fda.gov/cder/present/DIA2004/Elhage.ppt. Accessed 1 March 2005
Food and Drug Administration (2010) FDA drug safety communication: ongoing safety review of actos (pioglitazone) and potential increased risk of bladder cancer after two years exposure. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm226214.htm.. Accessed 1 October 2010
Hillaire-Buys D, Faillie JL, Montastruc JL (2011) Pioglitazone and bladder cancer. Lancet 378:1543–1544
Neumann A, Weill A, Ricordeau P, Fagot JP, Alla F, Allemand H (2012) Pioglitazone and risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients in France: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia. doi:10.1007/s00125-012-2538-9
Sato K, Awasaki Y, Kandori H, Tanakamaru ZY, Nagai H, Baron D, Yamamoto M (2011) Suppressive effects of acid-forming diet against the tumorigenic potential of pioglitazone hydrochloride in the urinary bladder of male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 251:234–244
Long GG, Reynolds VL, Lopez-Martinez A, Ryan TE, White SL, Eldridge SR (2008) Urothelial carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats treated with naveglitazar, a gamma-dominant PPAR alpha/gamma agonist: lack of evidence for urolithiasis as an inciting event. Toxicol Pathol 36:218–231
Long GG, Reynolds VL, Dochterman LW, Ryan TE (2009) Neoplastic and non-neoplastic changes in F-344 rats treated with Naveglitazar, a gamma-dominant PPAR alpha/gamma agonist. Toxicol Pathol 37:741–753
Egerod FL, Brünner N, Svendsen JE, Oleksiewicz MB (2010) PPARα and PPARγ are co-expressed, functional and show positive interactions in the rat urinary bladder urothelium. J Appl Toxicol 30:151–162
Oleksiewicz MB, Southgate J, Iversen L, Egerod FL (2008) Rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis by dual-acting PPARα + γ agonists. PPAR Res 2008:103167
Lubet RA, Fischer SM, Steele VE, Juliana MM, Desmond R, Grubbs CJ (2008) Rosiglitazone, a PPAR gamma agonist: potent promoter of hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancers. Int J Cancer 123:2254–2259
Kasichayanula S, Liu X, Shyu WC, Zhang W, Pfister M, Griffen SC, Li T, LaCreta FP, Boulton DW (2011) Lack of pharmacokinetic interaction between dapagliflozin, a novel sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, and metformin, pioglitazone, glimepiride or sitagliptin in healthy subjects. Diabetes Obes Metab 13:47–54
Disclosure statement
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest associated with this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hillaire-Buys, D., Faillie, JL., Montastruc, JL. et al. Stay vigilant: a glitazone (pioglitazone) can hide a glitazar!. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 68, 1681–1683 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1299-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-012-1299-1