Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Medications as a Risk Factor for Fragility Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Calcified Tissue International Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Fragility hip fractures and their associated morbidity and mortality pose a global healthcare problem. Several pharmaceutical products have been postulated to alter bone architecture and contribute to fragility hip fractures. We searched four electronic databases from inception to September 2017. Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) adult patients with fragility hip fractures, (2) full text in English, (3) minimum one-year follow-up, and (4) reporting of at least one risk factor. To minimize heterogeneity among the studies, we performed subgroup analyses. Whenever heterogeneity remained significant, we employed random effect meta-analysis for data pooling. Thirty-eight studies were included, containing 1,244,155 subjects and 188,966 cases of fragility hip fractures. Following medications were significantly associated with fragility hip fractures: Antidepressants (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.98–2.17), antiparkinsonian drugs (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.15–4.24), antipsychotic drugs (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.50–2.66), anxiolytic drugs (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.19–1.75), benzodiazepines (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.26–2.69), sedatives (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14–1.54), systemic corticosteroids (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.37–1.99), H2 antagonists (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.18–1.24), proton pump inhibitors (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.71), and thyroid hormone (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13–1.47). Hormone replacement therapy with estrogen (HRT) was associated with decreased risk of hip fracture (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.98). There are several medications associated with sustaining a fragility hip fracture. Medical interventions should be considered for patients on these medications, including information about osteoporosis and fracture prevention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Nishimura A, Akeda K, Kato K et al (2014) Osteoporosis, vertebral fractures and mortality in a Japanese rural community. Mod Rheumatol 24(5):840–843

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Singer A, Exuzides A, Spangler L et al (2015) Burden of illness for osteoporotic fractures compared with other serious diseases among postmenopausal women in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc 90(1):53–62

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Peng EW, Elnikety S, Hatrick NC (2006) Preventing fragility hip fracture in high risk groups: an opportunity missed. Postgrad Med J 82(970):528–531

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Brauer CA, Coca-Perraillon M, Cutler DM, Rosen AB (2009) Incidence and mortality of hip fractures in the United States. JAMA 302(14):1573–1579

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Zingmond DS, Melton LJ 3rd, Silverman SL (2004) Increasing hip fracture incidence in California Hispanics, 1983 to 2000. Osteoporos Int 15(8):603–610

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Unnanuntana A, Gladnick BP, Donnelly E, Lane JM (2010) The assessment of fracture risk. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(3):743–753

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Goodkin HP, Kapur J (2003) Responsiveness of status Epilepticus to treatment with Diazepan decreases rapidly as seizure duration increases. Epilepsy Curr 3(1):11–12

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Walker J, Tucker LY, Goodney P et al (2015) Type II endoleak with or without intervention after endovascular aortic aneurysm repair does not change aneurysm-related outcomes despite sac growth. J Vasc Surg 62(3):551–561

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Adachi Y, Shiota E, Matsumata T, Iso Y, Yoh R, Kitano S (1998) Bone mineral density in patients taking H2-receptor antagonist. Calcif Tissue Int 62(4):283–285

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Burns PB, Rohrich RJ, Chung KC (2011) The levels of evidence and their role in evidence-based medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg 128(1):305–310

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Mohamadi A, Chan JJ, Lian J et al (2018) Risk factors and pooled rate of prolonged opioid use following trauma or surgery: a systematic review and meta-(regression) analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 100(15):1332–1340

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Begg CB, Mazumdar M (1994) Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 50(4):1088–1101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Abrahamsen B, Eiken P, Prieto-Alhambra D, Eastell R (2016) Risk of hip, subtrochanteric, and femoral shaft fractures among mid and long term users of alendronate: nationwide cohort and nested case-control study. BMJ 353:i3365

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Adams AL, Shi JXM, Reynolds K et al (2015) Statins and hip fracture risk in men: a population-based case-control study. Ann Epidemiol 25(11):844–848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Apalset EM, Gjesdal CG, Eide GE, Tell GS (2011) Intake of vitamin K1 and K2 and risk of hip fractures: the Hordaland Health Study. Bone 49(5):990–995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Arbouw MEL, Movig KLL, van Staa TP, Egberts ACG, Souverein PC, de Vries F (2011) Dopaminergic drugs and the risk of hip or femur fracture: a population-based case-control study. Osteoporos Int 22(7):2197–2204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Berry SD, Zhu Y, Choi H, Kiel DP, Zhang Y (2013) Diuretic initiation and the acute risk of hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 24(2):689–695

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Chang CM, Wu EC, Chang IS, Lin KM (2008) Benzodiazepine and risk of hip fractures in older people: a nested case-control study in Taiwan. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 16(8):686–692

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Chiu HF, Huang YW, Chang CC, Yang CY (2010) Use of proton pump inhibitors increased the risk of hip fracture: a population-based case-control study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 19(11):1131–1136

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Corley DA, Kubo A, Zhao W, Quesenberry C (2010) Proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 receptor antagonists are associated with hip fractures among at-risk patients. Gastroenterology 139(1):93–101

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA (1997) A prospective study of thiazide use and fractures in women. Osteoporos Int 7(1):79–84

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fitzpatrick P, Kirke PN, Daly L et al (2001) Predictors of first hip fracture and mortality post fracture in older women. Ir J Med Sci 170(1):49–53

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Fox KM, Cummings SR, Williams E, Stone K (2000) Femoral neck and intertrochanteric fractures have different risk factors: a prospective study. Osteoporos Int. 11(12):1018–1023

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, O'Brien LA et al (1997) Risk factors for hip fracture in men. Hip Fracture Study Group. Am J Epidemiol 145(9):786–793

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Hoidrup S, Gronbaek M, Pedersen AT, Lauritzen JB, Gottschau A, Schroll M (1999) Hormone replacement therapy and hip fracture risk: effect modification by tobacco smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and body mass index. Am J Epidemiol 150(10):1085–1093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Heidrich FE, Stergachis A, Gross KM (1991) Diuretic drug use and the risk for hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 115(1):1–6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hugenholtz GW, Heerdink ER, van Staa TP, Nolen WA, Egberts AC (2005) Risk of hip/femur fractures in patients using antipsychotics. Bone 37(6):864–870

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Hwang HF, Lee HD, Huang HH, Chen CY, Lin MR (2011) Fall mechanisms, bone strength, and hip fractures in elderly men and women in Taiwan. Osteoporos Int 22(8):2385–2393

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jacqmin-Gadda H, Fourrier A, Commenges D, Dartigues JF (1998) Risk factors for fractures in the elderly. Epidemiology 9(4):417–423

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Johnson RE, Specht EE (1981) The risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal females with or without estrogen drug exposure. Am J Public Health 71(2):138–144

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Karakatsani A, Katsoulis M, Klinaki E, Trichopoulou A (2017) Corticosteroids and hip fracture risk in elderly respiratory patients: EPIC-Greece cohort. Adv Respir Med 85(1):22–27

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Pierfitte C, Macouillard G, Thicoipe M et al (2001) Benzodiazepines and hip fractures in elderly people: case-control study. BMJ 322(7288):704–708

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Pouwels S, van Staa TP, Egberts AC, Leufkens HG, Cooper C, de Vries F (2009) Antipsychotic use and the risk of hip/femur fracture: a population-based case-control study. Osteoporos Int 20(9):1499–1506

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Pouwels S, Lalmohamed A, Souverein P et al (2011) Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of hip/femur fracture: a population-based case-control study. Osteoporos Int 22(3):903–910

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Rejnmark L, Olsen ML, Johnsen SP, Vestergaard P, Sorensen HT, Mosekilde L (2004) Hip fracture risk in statin users–a population-based Danish case-control study. Osteoporos Int 15(6):452–458

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2005) Reduced fracture risk in users of thiazide diuretics. Calcif Tissue Int 76(3):167–175

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Rejnmark L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L (2006) Fracture risk in patients treated with loop diuretics. J Intern Med 259(1):117–124

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Robbins J, Aragaki AK, Kooperberg C et al (2007) Factors associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA 298(20):2389–2398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Suissa S, Baltzan M, Kremer R, Ernst P (2004) Inhaled and nasal corticosteroid use and the risk of fracture. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 169(1):83–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Thaler HW, Sterke CS, van der Cammen TJM (2016) Association of proton pump inhibitor use with recurrent falls and risk of fractures in older women: a study of medication use in older fallers. J Nutr Health Aging 20(1):77–81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tromp AM, Ooms ME, Popp-Snijders C, Roos JC, Lips P (2000) Predictors of fractures in elderly women. Osteoporos Int 11(2):134–140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Vestergaard P, Olsen ML, Paaske Johnsen S, Rejnmark L, Sorensen HT, Mosekilde L (2003) Corticosteroid use and risk of hip fracture: a population-based case-control study in Denmark. J Intern Med 254(5):486–493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L (2006) Anxiolytics, sedatives, antidepressants, neuroleptics and the risk of fracture. Osteoporos Int 17(6):807–816

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Vestergaard P, Rejnmark L, Mosekilde L (2007) Fracture risk associated with parkinsonism and anti-Parkinson drugs. Calcif Tissue Int 81(3):153–161

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Wang PS, Solomon DH, Mogun H, Avorn J (2000) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and the risk of hip fractures in elderly patients. JAMA 283(24):3211–3216

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Ward IM, Mortensen EM, Battafarano DF, Frei CR, Mansi I (2014) Association of statins and risk of fractures in a military health system: a propensity score-matched analysis. Ann Pharmacother 48(11):1406–1414

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Weiland SK, Rückmann A, Keil U, Lewis M, Dennler HJ, Welzel D (1997) Thiazide diuretics and the risk of hip fracture among 70–79 year old women treated for hypertension. Eur J Pub Health 7(3):335–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Yang YX, Lewis JD, Epstein S, Metz DC (2006) Long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy and risk of hip fracture. JAMA J Am Med Assoc 296(24):2947–2953

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Yu EW, Blackwell T, Ensrud KE et al (2008) Acid-suppressive medications and risk of bone loss and fracture in older adults. Calcif Tissue Int 83(4):251–259

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Van Den Eeden SK, Barzilay JI, Ettinger B, Minkoff J (2003) Thyroid hormone use and the risk of hip fracture in women %3e or = 65 years: a case-control study. J Women's Health 12(1):27–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Jackson JW, Schneeweiss S, VanderWeele TJ, Blacker D (2014) Quantifying the role of adverse events in the mortality difference between first and second-generation antipsychotics in older adults: systematic review and meta-synthesis. PLoS ONE 9(8):e105376

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Nielsen J, Correll CU, Manu P, Kane JM (2013) Termination of clozapine treatment due to medical reasons: when is it warranted and how can it be avoided? J Clin Psychiatry. 74(6):603–613

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Stubbs B (2009) Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia in patients with schizophrenia: considerations in relation to bone mineral density. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 16(9):838–842

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Milovanovic DR, Stanojevic Pirkovic M, Zivancevic Simonovic S et al (2016) Parameters of calcium metabolism fluctuated during initiation or changing of antipsychotic drugs. Psychiatry Investig 13(1):89–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Cai D, Feng W, Jiang Q (2015) Acid-suppressive medications and risk of fracture: an updated meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(6):8893–8904

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Cea-Soriano L, Johansson S, Garcia Rodriguez LA (2013) Risk factors for falls with use of acid-suppressive drugs. Epidemiology 24(4):600–607

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. U.S. FADA (2010) FDA Drug Safety Communication: possible increased risk of fractures of the hip, wrist, and spine with the use of proton pump inhibitors. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/postmarket-drug-safety-information-patients-and-providers/fda-drug-safety-communication-possible-increased-risk-fractures-hip-wrist-and-spine-use-proton-pump. Accessed 10 June 2019

  58. Xiao X, Xu Y, Wu Q (2018) Thiazide diuretic usage and risk of fracture: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Osteoporos Int 29(7):1515–1524

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Duarte CG, Winnacker JL, Becker KL, Pace A (1971) Thiazide-induced hypercalcemia. N Engl J Med 284(15):828–830

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Arnett TR, Spowage M (1996) Modulation of the resorptive activity of rat osteoclasts by small changes in extracellular pH near the physiological range. Bone 18(3):277–279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Peh CA, Horowitz M, Wishart JM, Need AG, Morris HA, Nordin BE (1993) The effect of chlorothiazide on bone-related biochemical variables in normal post-menopausal women. J Am Geriatr Soc 41(5):513–516

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Lajeunesse D, Delalandre A, Guggino SE (2000) Thiazide diuretics affect osteocalcin production in human osteoblasts at the transcription level without affecting vitamin D3 receptors. J Bone Miner Res 15(5):894–901

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Aubin R, Menard P, Lajeunesse D (1996) Selective effect of thiazides on the human osteoblast-like cell line MG-63. Kidney Int 50(5):1476–1482

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Jenkinson T, Bhalla AK (1993) A reappraisal of steroid-induced osteoporosis. Br J Hosp Med 50(8):472–476

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Adachi JD, Papaioannou A (2001) Corticosteroid-Induced osteoporosis: detection and management. Drug Saf 24(8):607–624

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. McKenzie R, Reynolds JC, O'Fallon A et al (2000) Decreased bone mineral density during low dose glucocorticoid administration in a randomized, placebo controlled trial. J Rheumatol 27(9):2222–2226

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC (2000) The Colorado thyroid disease prevalence study. Arch Intern Med 160(4):526–534

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Murphy E, Williams GR (2004) The thyroid and the skeleton. Clin Endocrinol 61(3):285–298

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Carbone LD, Tylavsky FA, Cauley JA et al (2003) Association between bone mineral density and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and aspirin: impact of cyclooxygenase selectivity. J Bone Miner Res 18(10):1795–1802

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Bauer DC, Orwoll ES, Fox KM et al (1996) Aspirin and NSAID use in older women: effect on bone mineral density and fracture risk. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. J Bone Miner Res 11(1):29–35

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Vestergaard P, Hermann P, Jensen JE, Eiken P, Mosekilde L (2012) Effects of paracetamol, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetylsalicylic acid, and opioids on bone mineral density and risk of fracture: results of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS). Osteoporos Int 23(4):1255–1265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Hughes JM, McKinnon CJ, Taylor KM et al (2019) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug prescriptions are associated with increased stress fracture diagnosis in the US army population. J Bone Miner Res 34(3):429–436

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Rochon PA, Gurwitz JH (1997) Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade. BMJ 315(7115):1096–1099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, McCloskey E (2008) FRAX and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int 19(4):385–397

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  75. Bianchi ML (2007) Osteoporosis in children and adolescents. Bone 41(4):486–495

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Sylvester FA (2005) IBD and skeletal health: children are not small adults! Inflamm Bowel Dis 11(11):1020–1023

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Ferrari S, Bianchi ML, Eisman JA et al (2012) Osteoporosis in young adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Osteoporos Int 23(12):2735–2748

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Declaration

We, the authors, have no conflict of interest or anything to declare. No funding was received for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Sharri J. Mortensen, Amin Mohamadi & Ara Nazarian

  2. Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA

    Casey L. Wright

  3. Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA

    Jimmy J. Chan

  4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael J. Weaver & Arvind von Keudell

  5. Harvard Orthopaedic Trauma Initiative, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Michael J. Weaver, Arvind von Keudell & Ara Nazarian

  6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yerevan State Medical University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Ara Nazarian

Authors
  1. Sharri J. Mortensen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Amin Mohamadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Casey L. Wright
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jimmy J. Chan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Michael J. Weaver
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Arvind von Keudell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Ara Nazarian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sharri J. Mortensen.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix: Search Strategy

Appendix: Search Strategy

MEDLINE (Ovid)

(((exp hip fractures/ OR ((hip OR hips) adj3 fracture*).ab,ti) AND (exp osteoporosis/ OR osteoporo*.ab,ti)) OR ((exp osteoporotic fractures/ OR (osteoporo* adj3 fracture*).ab,ti OR fragility fracture*.ab,ti) AND (exp hip/ OR exp hip joint/ OR hip.ab,ti OR hips.ab,ti))).

AND

exp risk/ OR exp odds ratio/ OR (risk OR odds ratio OR hazard ratio).ab,ti.

Embase (Elsevier)

((('hip fracture'/exp OR ((hip OR hips) NEAR/3 fracture*):ab,ti) AND ('osteoporosis'/exp OR osteoporo*:ab,ti)) OR (('fragility fracture'/exp OR (osteoporo* NEAR/3 fracture*):ab,ti OR (fragility NEXT/1 fracture*):ab,ti) AND ('hip'/exp OR hip:ab,ti OR hips:ab,ti))).

AND

('risk'/exp OR 'odds ratio'/exp OR 'hazard ratio'/exp OR (risk OR 'odds ratio' OR 'hazard ratio'):ab,ti).

Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)

(TS = ((("hip" OR "hips") NEAR/3 "fracture*") AND "osteoporo*").

OR

TS = ((("osteoporo*" NEAR/3 "fracture*") OR "fragility fracture*") AND ("hip" OR "hips"))).

AND

TS = ("risk" OR "odds ratio" OR "hazard ratio").

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mortensen, S.J., Mohamadi, A., Wright, C.L. et al. Medications as a Risk Factor for Fragility Hip Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Calcif Tissue Int 107, 1–9 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00688-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00688-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation