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Characterization and mapping of secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. from caatinga by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI–MS)

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Abstract

The discovery of new secondary metabolites is a challenge to biotechnologists due to the emergence of superbugs and drug resistance. Knowledge about biodiversity and the discovery of new microorganisms have become major objectives; thus, new habitats like extreme ecosystems have become places of interest to research. In this context, caatinga is an unexplored biome. The ecosystem caatinga is a rich habitat for thermophilic microbes. Its high temperature and dry climate cause selective microbes to flourish and become established. Actinobacteria (Caat 1-54 genus Streptomyces sp.) isolated from the soil of caatinga was investigated to characterize and map its secondary metabolites by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI–MSI). With this technique, the production of bioactive metabolites was detected and associated with the different morphological differentiation stages within a typical Streptomyces sp. life cycle. High-resolution mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, UV–Vis profiling and NMR analysis were also performed to characterize the metabolite ions detected by DESI–MS. A novel compound, which is presumed to be an analogue of the antifungal agent lienomycin, along with the antimicrobial compound lysolipin I were identified in this study to be produced by the bacterium. The potency of these bioactive compounds was further studied by disc diffusion assays and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against Bacillus and Penicillium were determined. These bioactive metabolites could be useful to the pharmaceutical industry as candidate compounds, especially given growing concern about increasing resistance to available drugs with the emergence of superbugs. Consequently, the unexplored habitat caatinga affords new possibilities for novel bioactive compound discovery.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof. Dr. Itamar Soares de Melo for providing us with the strain Caat 1-54; Uzma Muzzammal, German Reyes and George Bikopolous for their assistance in the microbiology facility and providing us the Bacillus subtilis; and Ayat Yaseen for providing us the E. coli strain. We acknowledge the financial support from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) (2016-22023-0).

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  1. Júlia Pereira Rodrigues and Shamina Saiyara Prova contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil

    Júlia Pereira Rodrigues & Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes

  2. Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, York University, Chemistry Building, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, M3J IP3, Canada

    Shamina Saiyara Prova & Demian Rocha Ifa

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  1. Júlia Pereira Rodrigues
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  2. Shamina Saiyara Prova
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  3. Luiz Alberto Beraldo Moraes
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Correspondence to Demian Rocha Ifa.

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Rodrigues, J.P., Prova, S.S., Moraes, L.A.B. et al. Characterization and mapping of secondary metabolites of Streptomyces sp. from caatinga by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI–MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 7135–7144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-1315-0

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