Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Comparative study of 1:1 Lewis acid–base adducts between Cp2M(L)H (M = V, Nb, Ta; L = CO, C2H4, P(CH3)3) and BF3/AlF3

  • Regular Article
  • Published:
Theoretical Chemistry Accounts Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Transition metal hydrides play important roles in organometallic catalysis and synthetic reactions. Metallocenes niobium or tantalum hydride derivatives show high reactivities with variety of main group 13 Lewis acids. In this work, the nature of MH···B/Al interaction between Cp2M(L)H(M = V, Nb, and Ta) and BF3/AlF3 in 1:1 Lewis acid–base adducts as well as the influences of different types of ligands on the interactions is investigated. The results show that in Cp2M(L)H···BF3/AlF3, the MH···B interaction belongs to covalent interaction, and MH···Al shows partly covalent character. The covalent character of MH···B/Al bonds decreases with the increasing period of metal atom. The strength of MH···B/Al interaction is related to the type of metal atom (M) and ligand (L) in Cp2M(L)H, and the influences of L are larger than those of M. For the same M, the strength of MH···B/Al bonds is mainly influenced by the type of ligand, and they increase in the sequence of L = CO, C2H4, and P(CH3)3. The formation of Cp2M(L)H···BF3/AlF3 increases the polarity of M–H bond of Cp2M(L)H.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Choukroun R, Lorber C, Vendier L, Lepetit C (2006) Vanadocene-mediated ionization of water in the aqua species [H2O·B(C6F5)3]: structural characterization of the hydride and hydroxide complexes [Cp2V(μ-H)B(C6F5)3] and [Cp2V(μ-OH)B(C6F5)3]. Organometallics 25(7):1551–1553

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Norton JR, Sowa J (2016) Introduction: metal hydrides. Chem Rev 116(15):8315–8317

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Rossin A, Peruzzini M (2016) Ammonia-borane and amine-borane dehydrogenation mediated by complex metal hydrides. Chem Rev 116(15):8848–8872

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Esteruelas MA, Lopez AM, Olivan M (2016) Polyhydrides of platinum group metals: nonclassical interactions and σ-bond activation reactions. Chem Rev 116(15):8770–8847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Cook TR, Dogutan DK, Reece SY, Surendranath Y, Teets TS, Nocera DG (2010) Solar energy supply and storage for the legacy and nonlegacy worlds. Chem Rev 110:6474–6502

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Appel AM, Bercaw JE, Bocarsly AB, Dobbek H, DuBois DL, Dupuis M, Ferry JG, Fujita E, Hille R, Kenis PJA, Kerfeld CA, Morris RH, Peden CHF, Portis AR, Ragsdale SW, Rauchfuss TB, Reek JNH, Seefeldt LC, Thauer RK, Waldrop GL (2013) Frontiers, opportunities, and challenges in biochemical and chemical catalysis of CO2 fixation. Chem Rev 113(8):6621–6658

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tapeinos IG, Koussios S, Groves RM (2016) Design and analysis of a multi-cell subscale tank for liquid hydrogen storage. Int J Hydrogen Enegy 41(5):3676–3688

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sakamoto J, Nakayama J, Nakarai T, Kasai N, Shibutani T, Miyake A (2016) Effect of gasoline pool fire on liquid hydrogen storage tank in hybrid hydrogen–gasoline fueling station. Int J Hydrogen Energy 41(3):2096–2104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Georgii IN, Sergei FV, Lyudmila GK, Judith AKH (2002) Serendipitous syntheses and structures of Cp2Nb(H){(SiMe2)2(μ-NR)}]. Chem Commun 6:568–569

    Google Scholar 

  10. Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Fajardo M, Fernández-Baeza J, García-Yuste S, Otero A (1999) Advances in the chemistry of bis-cyclopentadienyl hydride derivatives of niobium and tantalum. Chem Rev 193–195:43–72

    Google Scholar 

  11. Alonso-Moreno C, Antiñolo A, García-Martínez JC, García-Yuste S, López-Solera I, Otero A, Pérez-Flores JC, Tercero-Morales MT (2012) Molecular structure of a hydridoniobocene complex [Nb(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2(H)3] and its use as catalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012:1139–1144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Antiñolo A, García-Yuste S, Otero A, Espinosa A (2015) Unusual mechanism for the reaction of a niobocene hydride complex with activated alkynes. Exp DFT Stud Organomet 34:2695–2698

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Fajardo M, García-Yuste S, Lanfranchi M, Otero A, Pellinghelli MA, Prashar S, Villaseñor E (1996) Studies on the Insertion Reactions of Activated Alkynes into Nb-H Bonds in Hydride Niobocene Complexes. X-ray Crystal Structures of Nb(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2(H)[η2-RO2C(H) = C(H)CO2R] (R = Me or tBu). Organometallics 15:5507–5513

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Antiñolo A, Carrillo F, Chaudret B, Fajardo M, Fernández-Baeza J, Lanfranchi M, Limbach HH, Maurer M, Otero A, Pellinghelli MA (1994) Synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and x-ray crystal structure of {[Nb(C5H3[SiMe3]2)2H3]2Au}+, a complex showing large quantum mechanical exchange couplings. Inorg Chem 33:5163–5164

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Antiñolo A, Carrillo-Hermosilla F, Chaudret B, Fajardo M, Fernández-Baeza J, Lanfranchi M, Limbach HH, Maurer M, Otero A, Pellinghelli MA (1996) Exchange coupling in niobocene trihydrides, Nb(C5H3RR’)2H3, and their adducts with copper triad cations, [{Nb(C5H3RR’)2H3}2M]+ (R = R’ = H; R = H, R’ = SiMe3; R = R’ = SiMe3; M = Cu, Ag, Au). Inorg Chem 35:7873–7881

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tebbe FN (1993) Lewis acidic metal alkyl-transition metal complex interactions. I. Niobium and tantalum hydrides. J Am Chem Soc 95(16):5412–5414

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Antiñolo A, Carrillo F, Fernández-Baeza J, Otero A, Fajardo M, Chaudret B (1992) Exchange couplings in lewis acid adducts of substituted niobiocene trihydrides. Inorg Chem 31:5156–5157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Braunschweig H, Wagner T (1996) Zur Umsetzung von Bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)dihydridowolfram mit Halogenboranen. Z Naturforsch B 116(15):8873–8911

    Google Scholar 

  19. Maity A, Teets TS (2016) Main group lewis acid-mediated transformations of transition-metal hydride complexes. Chem Rev 116(15):8873–8911

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Robert C, Christian L, Bruno D (2004) Zwitterionic, Ring-Borylated Vanadium(III) complexes from [Cp2VCO] and B(C6F5)3. Organometallics 23:1434–1437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Doerrer LH, Graham AJ, Haussinger D, Green MLH (2000) Electrophilic addition reactions of the Lewis acids B(C6F5)2R([R = C6F5, Ph, H or Cl) with the metallocene hydrides [M(η-C5H5)2H2] (M = Mo or W), [Re(η-C5H5)2H] and [Ta(η-C5H5)2H3]. J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 5:813–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Amati M, Lelj F (2009) Bis(cyclopentadienyl)dihydrido Mo and W complexes as Lewis bases—a computational study about their adducts with BX3 (X = F, Cl) and Al(CH3)3. Can J Chem 87(10):1406–1414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Deckers PJW, Hessen B, Teuben JH (2001) Switching a catalyst system from ethene polymerization to ethene trimerization with a hemilabile ancillary ligand. Angew Chem Int Ed 40(13):2516–2519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Deckers PJW, Hessen B, Teuben JH (2002) Catalytic trimerization of ethene with highly active cyclopentadienyl-arene titanium catalysts. Organometallics 21(23):5122–5135

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Camanyes S, Maseras F, Moreno M, Lledós A, Lluch JM, Bertrán J (1998) Theoretical study of the effect of a lewis acid on hydrogen exchange coupling in a trihydride metallocene: the Cp2NbH3·AlH3 system. Inorg Chem 37:2334–2339

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhao Y, Truhlar DG (2006) A new local density functional for main-group thermochemistry, transition metal bonding, thermochemical kinetics, and noncovalent interactions. J Chem Phys 125(19):194101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Narendrapurapu BS, Richardson NA, Copan AV, Estep ML, Yang Z, Schaefer HF (2013) Investigating the effects of basis set on metal-metal and metal-ligand bond distances in stable transition metal carbonyls: performance of correlation consistent basis sets with 35 density functionals. J Chem Theory Comput 9(7):2930–2938

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Xu X, Sun Z, Meng LP, Zheng SJ, Li XY (2019) A comparative study on the reaction mechanism of Cp2MH2 (M = Cr, Mo, W) with HBF4. Appl Organom Chem. 33:e4790

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Dang YR, Wang WH, Meng LP, Li QZ, Li XY (2018) Nature of MoH···I bonds in Cp2Mo(L)H···I-C≡C-R Complexes (L = H, CN, PPh2, C(CH3)3; R = NO2, Cl, Br, H, OH, CH3, NH2). Appl Organom Chem. 32:4258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Han XW, Lv J, Meng LP, Li QZ, Li XY (2017) The ground and excited-state electronic structures of sandwich compounds Cp2(ME)2 contain an (ME)2 four-membered ring (Cp = C5H5; M = Ni, Pd, Pt; E = O, S, Se, Te) New. J. Chem. 41:12028–12034

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Boys SF, Bernardi F (1970) The calculation of small molecular interactions by the differences of separate total energies. Some procedures with reduced errors. Mol Phys 19:553–566

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, Scalmani G, Barone V, Mennucci B, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Caricato M, Li X, Hratchian HP, Izmaylov AF, Bloino J, Zheng G, Sonnenberg JL, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H, Vreven T, Montgomery JA Jr, Peralta JE, Ogliaro F, Bearpark M, Heyd JJ, Brothers E, Kudin KN, Staroverov VN, Kobayashi R, Normand J, Raghavachari K, Rendell A, Burant JC, Iyengar SS, Tomasi J, Cossi M, Rega N, Millam JM, Klene M, Knox JE, Cross JB, Bakken V, Adamo C, Jaramillo J, Gomperts R, Stratmann RE, Yazyev O, Austin AJ, Cammi R, Pomelli C, Ochterski JW, Martin RL, Morokuma K, Zakrzewski VG, Voth GA, Salvador P, Dannenberg JJ, Dapprich S, Daniels AD, Farkas O, Foresman JB, Ortiz JV, Cioslowski J, Fox DJ (2009) Gaussian 09 revision A.1. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  33. Popelier P (2000) Atoms in molecules-an introduction. UMIST, Manchester

    Google Scholar 

  34. Bader RFW (1994) Atoms in molecules: a quantum theory. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  35. Keith TA (2012) AIMALL, 13.02.26. http://aim.tkgristmill.com

  36. Matito E, Silvi B, Duran M, Solà M (2006) Electron localization function at the correlated level. J Chem Phys 125:24301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Noury S, Krokidis X, Fuster F, Silvi B (1999) Computational tools for the electron localization function topological analysis. Comput Chem 23:597–604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Feixas F, Matito E, Duran M, Solà M, Silvi B (2010) Electron localization function at the correlated level: a natural orbital formulation. J Chem Theory Comput 6:2736–2742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. ADF2008.01, SCM, Theoretical chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. http://www.scm.com

  40. Bulat FA, Toro-Labbé A, Brinck T, Murray JS, Politzer P (2010) Quantitative analysis of molecular surfaces: areas, volumes, electrostatic potentials and average local ionization energies. J Mol Model 16:1679–1691

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Politzer P, Burda JV, Concha MC, Lane P, Murray JS (2006) Analysis of the reaction force for a gas phase SN2 process: CH3Cl + H2O → CH3OH + HCl. J Phys Chem A 110:756–761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Alvarez S (2013) A cartography of the van der Waals territories. Dalton Trans 42:8617–8636

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Cordero B, Gomez V, Platero-Prats AE, Reves M, Echeverria J, Cremades E, Barragan F, Alvarez S (2008) Covalent radii revisited. Dalton Trans 21:2832–2838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Lu T (2013) Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer, version 3.0.1. http://Multiwfn.Codeplex.Com

  45. Humphrey W, Dalke A, Schulten K (1996) VMD: visual molecular dynamics. J Mol Graphics 14:33–38

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Silvi B, Savin A (1994) Classification of chemical bonds based on topological analysis of electron localization functions. Nature 371:683–686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Becke AD, Edgecombe KE (1990) A simple measure of electron localization in atomic and molecular systems. J Chem Phys 92(9):5397–5403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Silvi B (2002) The synaptic order: a key concept to understand multicenter bonding. J Mol Struct 614:3–10

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Van der Maelen JF, Cabeza JA (2012) QTAIM analysis of the bonding in Mo-Mo bonded dimolybdenum complexes. Inorg Chem 51(13):7384–7391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Timerghazin QK, Rizvi I, Peslherbe GH (2011) Can a dipole-bound electron form a pseudo-atom? An atoms-in-molecules study of the hydrated electron. J Phys Chem A 115(45):13201–13209

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Lu F, Li X, Sun Z, Zeng Y, Meng L (2015) Influences of the substituents on the M-M bonding in Cp4Al4 and Cp2M2X2 (M = B, Al, Ga; Cp = C5H5, X = halogen). Dalton Trans 44(31):14092–14100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kar T, Ängyán JG, Sannigrahi AB (2000) Comparison of ab Initio Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham orbitals in the calculation of atomic charge, bond index, and valence. J Phys Chem A 104:9953–9963

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Firme CL, Antunes OAC, Esteves PM (2009) Relation between bond order and delocalization index of QTAIM. Chem Phys Lett 468(4–6):129–133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gernot F, Karin W, Nikolaus F, Christoph L, Matthias L, Jan F, Víctor MR (2003) Towards a rigorously defined quantum chemical analysis of the chemical bond in donor-acceptor complexes. Coord Chem Rev 238–239:55–82

    Google Scholar 

  55. Daniel S, Kristopher M, Christopher JC (2013) Thermochemical factors affecting the dehalogenation of aromatics. Environ Sci Technol 47:14194–14203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. John PW, Daniel S, Kaitlin MB, Christopher JC, James AP (2014) Quantum chemical and matrix-IR characterization of CH3CN–BCl3: a complex with two distinct minima along the B-N bond potential. Phys Chem Chem Phys 16:16480–16491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Dapprich S, Frenking G (1995) Investigation of donor-acceptor interactions: a charge decomposition analysis using fragment molecular orbitals. J Phys Chem 99:9352–9362

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Serge IG, Somdatta G, Edward IS (2006) Mechanism of N2O reduction by the μ4-S tetranuclear CuZ cluster of nitrous oxide reductase. J Am Chem Soc 128:278–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Education Department Foundation of Hebei Province (Contract No. ZD2018066) and Hebei Normal University Foundation (L2019Z03).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry and Material Science, Hebei Normal University, Road East of 2nd Ring South, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China

    Jia Wang & Xiaoyan Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nano-materials of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China

    Zheng Sun

  3. The Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, People’s Republic of China

    Qingzhong Li

Authors
  1. Jia Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zheng Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Qingzhong Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiaoyan Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoyan Li.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOC 122 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, J., Sun, Z., Li, Q. et al. Comparative study of 1:1 Lewis acid–base adducts between Cp2M(L)H (M = V, Nb, Ta; L = CO, C2H4, P(CH3)3) and BF3/AlF3. Theor Chem Acc 138, 104 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-019-2493-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-019-2493-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation