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Policosanol protects against Alzheimer’s disease-associated spatial cognitive decline in male rats: possible involved mechanisms

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Abstract

Rationale

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and synaptic failure.

Objective

The present study was designed to explore the possible protective effects of policosanol (PCO) on spatial cognitive capacity, long-term potentiation (LTP) induction, oxidant/antioxidant status, and Aβ plaques formation in an AD rat model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of Aβ1–40.

Methods

Healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control, sham (ICV injection of 5 µl phosphate-buffered saline), AG (50 mg/kg; P.O., as PCO vehicle), PCO (50 mg/kg; P.O.), AD model (ICV injection of 5 µl Aβ), AD + AG (50 mg/kg; P.O.), and AD + PCO (50 mg/kg; P.O.). Treatments were performed for eight consecutive weeks. At the end of the treatment course, spatial learning and memory functions, hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction, malondialdehyde (MDA), and total thiol group (TTG) levels, as well as the formation of Aβ plaques, were examined.

Results

The results showed that injection of Aβ reduced spatial learning and memory abilities in the Barnes maze test, which was accompanied by decreases in field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) slope, population spike (PS) amplitude, and TTG level and increases in Aβ plaque accumulation and MDA content. In contrast, PCO treatment improved all the above-mentioned changes in the Aβ-infused rats.

Conclusions

The results suggest that amelioration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity impairment, modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, and inhibition of Aβ plaque formation by PCO may be the mechanisms behind its protective effect against AD-associated spatial cognitive decline.

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Data Availability

The data used in our study are available from the authors on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The results presented in this paper were a part of Samaneh Safari’s MSc thesis that was supported financially (Grant No.: 99-371) by Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran. The authors would like to deeply thank Mr. Shahab Ghaderi (Ph.D. student of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran) for his valuable assistance in preparing this paper. The authors would also like to greatly acknowledge Ms. Nafiseh Faraji, Mr. Ali Fathi Jouzdani, and Ms. Masoumeh Taheri for their kind support. The authors are grateful to the staff of the Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences for supporting this study.

Funding

The current study was funded (Grant No.: IR.BASU.REC.1398.029) by Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Samaneh Safari, Naser Mirazi & Nesa Ahmadi

  2. Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

    Samaneh Safari, Masoumeh Asadbegi & Alireza Komaki

  3. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany

    Nesa Ahmadi

  4. Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

    Alireza Nourian

  5. Student Research Committee, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran

    Masome Rashno

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  1. Samaneh Safari
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Correspondence to Naser Mirazi or Alireza Komaki.

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All of the experiments and animal care methods were confirmed by the Veterinary Ethics Board of the Hamadan University of Medical Science and carried out according to Guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the principles of laboratory animal care (NIH Publication 80–23, 1996).

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Safari, S., Mirazi, N., Ahmadi, N. et al. Policosanol protects against Alzheimer’s disease-associated spatial cognitive decline in male rats: possible involved mechanisms. Psychopharmacology 240, 755–767 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06317-7

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