Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Association of novelty-related behaviors and intravenous cocaine self-administration in Diversity Outbred mice

  • Original Investigation
  • Published:
Psychopharmacology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rationale

The preference for and reaction to novelty are strongly associated with addiction to cocaine and other drugs. However, the genetic variants and molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain largely unknown. Although the relationship between novelty- and addiction-related traits has been observed in rats, studies in mice have failed to demonstrate this association. New, genetically diverse, high-precision mouse populations including Diversity Outbred (DO) mice provide an opportunity to assess an expanded range of behavioral variation enabling detection of associations of novelty- and addiction-related traits in mice.

Methods

To examine the relationship between novelty- and addiction-related traits, male (n = 51) and female (n = 47) DO mice were tested on open field exploration, hole board exploration, and novelty preference followed by intravenous cocaine self-administration (IVSA; ten 2-h sessions of fixed ratio 1 and one 6-h session of progressive ratio).

Results

We observed high variation of cocaine IVSA in DO mice with 43 % reaching and 57 % not reaching conventional acquisition criteria. As a group, mice that did not reach these criteria still demonstrated significant lever discrimination. Mice experiencing catheter occlusion or other technical issues (n = 17) were excluded from the analysis. Novelty-related behaviors were positively associated with cocaine IVSA. Multivariate analysis of associations among novelty- and addiction-related traits revealed a large degree of shared variance (45 %).

Conclusions

Covariation among cocaine IVSA and novelty-related phenotypes in DO mice indicates that this relationship is amenable to genetic dissection. The high genetic precision and phenotypic diversity in the DO may facilitate discovery of previously undetectable mechanisms underlying predisposition to develop addiction disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adriani W, Laviola G (2000) A unique hormonal and behavioral hyporesponsivity to both forced novelty and d-amphetamine in periadolescent mice. Neuropharmacology 39:334–346

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Adriani W, Chiarotti F, Laviola G (1998) Elevated novelty seeking and peculiar d-amphetamine sensitization in periadolescent mice compared with adult mice. Behav Neurosci 112:1152–1166

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmed SH, Koob GF (2005) Transition to drug addiction: a negative reinforcement model based on an allostatic decrease in reward function. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 180:473–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnett J (1994) Sensation seeking: a new conceptualization and a new scale. Personal Individ Differ 16:289–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin CP, Battey JF, Bradley A, Bucan M, Capecchi M, Collins FS, Dove WF, Duyk G, Dymecki S, Eppig JT, Grieder FB, Heintz N, Hicks G, Insel TR, Joyner A, Koller BH, Lloyd KC, Magnuson T, Moore MW, Nagy A, Pollock JD, Roses AD, Sands AT, Seed B, Skarnes WC, Snoddy J, Soriano P, Stewart DJ, Stewart F, Stillman B, Varmus H, Varticovski L, Verma IM, Vogt TF, von Melchner H, Witkowski J, Woychik RP, Wurst W, Yancopoulos GD, Young SG, Zambrowicz B (2004) The knockout mouse project. Nat Genet 36:921–924

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aylor DL, Valdar W, Foulds-Mathes W, Buus RJ, Verdugo RA, Baric RS, Ferris MT, Frelinger JA, Heise M, Frieman MB, Gralinski LE, Bell TA, Didion JD, Hua K, Nehrenberg DL, Powell CL, Steigerwalt J, Xie Y, Kelada SN, Collins FS, Yang IV, Schwartz DA, Branstetter LA, Chesler EJ, Miller DR, Spence J, Liu EY, McMillan L, Sarkar A, Wang J, Wang W, Zhang Q, Broman KW, Korstanje R, Durrant C, Mott R, Iraqi FA, Pomp D, Threadgill D, de Villena FP, Churchill GA (2011) Genetic analysis of complex traits in the emerging Collaborative Cross. Genome Res 21:1213–1222

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey KR, Crawley JN (2009) Anxiety-Related Behaviors in Mice. In: Buccafusco JJ (ed) Methods of behavior analysis in neuroscience (Frontiers in Neuroscience), Boca Raton

  • Bardo MT, Neisewander JL, Kelly TH (2013) Individual differences and social influences on the neurobehavioral pharmacology of abused drugs. Pharmacol Rev 65:255–290

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beatty WW (1979) Gonadal hormones and sex differences in nonreproductive behaviors in rodents: organizational and activational influences. Horm Behav 12:112–163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann JS, Marusich JA, Gipson CD, Bardo MT (2011) Novelty seeking, incentive salience and acquisition of cocaine self-administration in the rat. Behav Brain Res 216:159–165

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belin D, Deroche-Gamonet V (2012) Responses to novelty and vulnerability to cocaine addiction: contribution of a multi-symptomatic animal model. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Belin D, Mar AC, Dalley JW, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ (2008) High impulsivity predicts the switch to compulsive cocaine-taking. Science 320:1352–1355

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belin D, Berson N, Balado E, Piazza PV, Deroche-Gamonet V (2011) High-novelty-preference rats are predisposed to compulsive cocaine self-administration. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:569–579

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belknap JK, Crabbe JC (1992) Chromosome mapping of gene loci affecting morphine and amphetamine responses in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Ann N Y Acad Sci 654:311–323

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Belknap JK, Metten P, Helms ML, O’Toole LA, Angeli-Gade S, Crabbe JC, Phillips TJ (1993) Quantitative trait loci (QTL) applications to substances of abuse: physical dependence studies with nitrous oxide and ethanol in BXD mice. Behav Genet 23:213–222

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bergeson SE, Helms ML, O’Toole LA, Jarvis MW, Hain HS, Mogil JS, Belknap JK (2001) Quantitative trait loci influencing morphine antinociception in four mapping populations. Mamm Genome 12:546–553

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CD, Kole LA, Guido MA, Cheng R, Palmer AA (2012a) Methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in LG/J and SM/J mouse strains and an F45/F46 advanced intercross line. Front Genet 3:126

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CD, Parker CC, Zhou L, Olker C, Chandrasekaran RY, Wager TT, Bolivar VJ, Loudon AS, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Palmer AA (2012b) Csnk1e is a genetic regulator of sensitivity to psychostimulants and opioids. Neuropsychopharmacology 37:1026–1035

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bush DE, Vaccarino FJ (2007) Individual differences in elevated plus-maze exploration predicted progressive-ratio cocaine self-administration break points in Wistar rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 194:211–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Cain ME, Saucier DA, Bardo MT (2005) Novelty seeking and drug use: contribution of an animal model. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 13:367–375

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caine SB, Thomsen M, Barrett AC, Collins GT, Grundt P, Newman AH, Butler P, Xu M (2012) Cocaine self-administration in dopamine D(3) receptor knockout mice. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 20:352–363

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castellani B, Rugle L (1995) A comparison of pathological gamblers to alcoholics and cocaine misusers on impulsivity, sensation seeking, and craving. Int J Addict 30:275–289

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cervantes MC, Laughlin RE, Jentsch JD (2013) Cocaine self-administration behavior in inbred mouse lines segregating different capacities for inhibitory control. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 229:515–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Chauvet C, Lardeux V, Goldberg SR, Jaber M, Solinas M (2009) Environmental enrichment reduces cocaine seeking and reinstatement induced by cues and stress but not by cocaine. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:2767–2778

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chesler EJ (2014) Out of the bottleneck: the diversity outcross and collaborative cross mouse populations in behavioral genetics research. Mamm Genome 25:3–11

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chesler EJ, Miller DR, Branstetter LR, Galloway LD, Jackson BL, Philip VM, Voy BH, Culiat CT, Threadgill DW, Williams RW, Churchill GA, Johnson DK, Manly KF (2008) The Collaborative Cross at Oak Ridge National Laboratory: developing a powerful resource for systems genetics. Mamm Genome 19:382–389

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill GA, Airey DC, Allayee H, Angel JM, Attie AD, Beatty J, Beavis WD, Belknap JK, Bennett B, Berrettini W, Bleich A, Bogue M, Broman KW, Buck KJ, Buckler E, Burmeister M, Chesler EJ, Cheverud JM, Clapcote S, Cook MN, Cox RD, Crabbe JC, Crusio WE, Darvasi A, Deschepper CF, Doerge RW, Farber CR, Forejt J, Gaile D, Garlow SJ, Geiger H, Gershenfeld H, Gordon T, Gu J, Gu W, de Haan G, Hayes NL, Heller C, Himmelbauer H, Hitzemann R, Hunter K, Hsu HC, Iraqi FA, Ivandic B, Jacob HJ, Jansen RC, Jepsen KJ, Johnson DK, Johnson TE, Kempermann G, Kendziorski C, Kotb M, Kooy RF, Llamas B, Lammert F, Lassalle JM, Lowenstein PR, Lu L, Lusis A, Manly KF, Marcucio R, Matthews D, Medrano JF, Miller DR, Mittleman G, Mock BA, Mogil JS, Montagutelli X, Morahan G, Morris DG, Mott R, Nadeau JH, Nagase H, Nowakowski RS, O’Hara BF, Osadchuk AV, Page GP, Paigen B, Paigen K, Palmer AA, Pan HJ, Peltonen-Palotie L, Peirce J, Pomp D, Pravenec M, Prows DR, Qi Z, Reeves RH, Roder J, Rosen GD, Schadt EE, Schalkwyk LC, Seltzer Z, Shimomura K, Shou S, Sillanpaa MJ, Siracusa LD, Snoeck HW, Spearow JL, Svenson K, Tarantino LM, Threadgill D, Toth LA, Valdar W, de Villena FP, Warden C, Whatley S, Williams RW, Wiltshire T, Yi N, Zhang D, Zhang M, Zou F, Complex Trait C (2004) The Collaborative Cross, a community resource for the genetic analysis of complex traits. Nat Genet 36:1133–1137

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Churchill GA, Gatti DM, Munger SC, Svenson KL (2012) The diversity outbred mouse population. Mamm Genome 23:713–718

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collaborative Cross Consortium (2012) The genome architecture of the Collaborative Cross mouse genetic reference population. Genetics 190:389–401

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Crabbe JC, Belknap JK, Mitchell SR, Crawshaw LI (1994) Quantitative trait loci mapping of genes that influence the sensitivity and tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia in BXD recombinant inbred mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 269:184–192

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crawley JN (1985) Exploratory behavior models of anxiety in mice. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 9:37–44

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dalley JW, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2011) Impulsivity, compulsivity, and top-down cognitive control. Neuron 69:680–694

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deroche-Gamonet V, Belin D, Piazza PV (2004) Evidence for addiction-like behavior in the rat. Science 305:1014–1017

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dickson PE, Miller MM, Rogers TD, Blaha CD, Mittleman G (2014) Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure and withdrawal on intravenous cocaine self-administration during adulthood in male C57BL/6J mice. Addict Biol 19:37–48

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dilleen R, Pelloux Y, Mar AC, Molander A, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW, Belin D (2012) High anxiety is a predisposing endophenotype for loss of control over cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 222:89–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Doyle GA, Furlong PJ, Schwebel CL, Smith GG, Lohoff FW, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH, Ferraro TN (2008) Fine mapping of a major QTL influencing morphine preference in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice using congenic strains. Neuropsychopharmacology 33:2801–2809

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ersche KD, Turton AJ, Pradhan S, Bullmore ET, Robbins TW (2010) Drug addiction endophenotypes: impulsive versus sensation-seeking personality traits. Biol Psychiatry 68:770–773

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ferraro TN, Golden GT, Smith GG, Martin JF, Schwebel CL, Doyle GA, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH (2005) Confirmation of a major QTL influencing oral morphine intake in C57 and DBA mice using reciprocal congenic strains. Neuropsychopharmacology 30:742–746

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Flagel SB, Waselus M, Clinton SM, Watson SJ, Akil H (2014) Antecedents and consequences of drug abuse in rats selectively bred for high and low response to novelty. Neuropharmacology 76 Pt B:425–436

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fuchs RA, See RE, Middaugh LD (2003) Conditioned stimulus-induced reinstatement of extinguished cocaine seeking in C57BL/6 mice: a mouse model of drug relapse. Brain Res 973:99–106

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gallaher EJ, Jones GE, Belknap JK, Crabbe JC (1996) Identification of genetic markers for initial sensitivity and rapid tolerance to ethanol-induced ataxia using quantitative trait locus analysis in BXD recombinant inbred mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 277:604–612

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghazalpour A, Rau CD, Farber CR, Bennett BJ, Orozco LD, van Nas A, Pan C, Allayee H, Beaven SW, Civelek M, Davis RC, Drake TA, Friedman RA, Furlotte N, Hui ST, Jentsch JD, Kostem E, Kang HM, Kang EY, Joo JW, Korshunov VA, Laughlin RE, Martin LJ, Ohmen JD, Parks BW, Pellegrini M, Reue K, Smith DJ, Tetradis S, Wang J, Wang Y, Weiss JN, Kirchgessner T, Gargalovic PS, Eskin E, Lusis AJ, LeBoeuf RC (2012) Hybrid mouse diversity panel: a panel of inbred mouse strains suitable for analysis of complex genetic traits. Mamm Genome 23:680–692

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gipson CD, Beckmann JS, El-Maraghi S, Marusich JA, Bardo MT (2011) Effect of environmental enrichment on escalation of cocaine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 214:557–566

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman D, Oroszi G, Ducci F (2005) The genetics of addictions: uncovering the genes. Nat Rev Genet 6:521–532

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrich C, Lange J (1986) A differential sex effect of amphetamine on exploratory behavior in maturing mice. Physiol Behav 38:663–666

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gray JA (1971) Sex differences in emotional behaviour in mammals including man: endocrine bases. Acta Psychol 35:29–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Green TA, Alibhai IN, Roybal CN, Winstanley CA, Theobald DE, Birnbaum SG, Graham AR, Unterberg S, Graham DL, Vialou V, Bass CE, Terwilliger EF, Bardo MT, Nestler EJ (2010) Environmental enrichment produces a behavioral phenotype mediated by low cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding (CREB) activity in the nucleus accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 67:28–35

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Griffin WC 3rd, Middaugh LD (2003) Acquisition of lever pressing for cocaine in C57BL/6J mice: effects of prior Pavlovian conditioning. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 76:543–549

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grisel JE, Belknap JK, O’Toole LA, Helms ML, Wenger CD, Crabbe JC (1997) Quantitative trait loci affecting methamphetamine responses in BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains. J Neurosci 17:745–754

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnarsdottir ED, Pingitore RA, Spring BJ, Konopka LM, Crayton JW, Milo T, Shirazi P (2000) Individual differences among cocaine users. Addict Behav 25:641–652

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hossain SM, Wong BK, Simpson EM (2004) The dark phase improves genetic discrimination for some high throughput mouse behavioral phenotyping. Genes Brain Behav 3:167–177

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes RN, Desmond CS, Fisher LC (2004) Room novelty, sex, scopolamine and their interactions as determinants of general activity and rearing, and light–dark preferences in rats. Behav Process 67:173–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Iancu OD, Darakjian P, Walter NA, Malmanger B, Oberbeck D, Belknap J, McWeeney S, Hitzemann R (2010) Genetic diversity and striatal gene networks: focus on the heterogeneous stock-collaborative cross (HS-CC) mouse. BMC Genomics 11:585

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Keane TM, Goodstadt L, Danecek P, White MA, Wong K, Yalcin B, Heger A, Agam A, Slater G, Goodson M, Furlotte NA, Eskin E, Nellaker C, Whitley H, Cleak J, Janowitz D, Hernandez-Pliego P, Edwards A, Belgard TG, Oliver PL, McIntyre RE, Bhomra A, Nicod J, Gan X, Yuan W, van der Weyden L, Steward CA, Bala S, Stalker J, Mott R, Durbin R, Jackson IJ, Czechanski A, Guerra-Assuncao JA, Donahue LR, Reinholdt LG, Payseur BA, Ponting CP, Birney E, Flint J, Adams DJ (2011) Mouse genomic variation and its effect on phenotypes and gene regulation. Nature 477:289–294

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kest B, Palmese CA, Juni A, Chesler EJ, Mogil JS (2004) Mapping of a quantitative trait locus for morphine withdrawal severity. Mamm Genome 15:610–617

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kliethermes CL, Crabbe JC (2006) Genetic independence of mouse measures of some aspects of novelty seeking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:5018–5023

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kliethermes CL, Kamens HM, Crabbe JC (2007) Drug reward and intake in lines of mice selectively bred for divergent exploration of a hole board apparatus. Genes Brain Behav 6:608–618

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kmiotek EK, Baimel C, Gill KJ (2012) Methods for intravenous self administration in a mouse model. J Vis Exp 70:e3739

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Logan RW, Robledo RF, Recla JM, Philip VM, Bubier JA, Jay JJ, Harwood C, Wilcox T, Gatti DM, Bult CJ, Churchill GA, Chesler EJ (2013) High-precision genetic mapping of behavioral traits in the diversity outbred mouse population. Genes Brain Behav 12:424–437

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lynch WJ, Carroll ME (2001) Regulation of drug intake. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 9:131–143

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Molander AC, Mar A, Norbury A, Steventon S, Moreno M, Caprioli D, Theobald DE, Belin D, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW (2011) High impulsivity predicting vulnerability to cocaine addiction in rats: some relationship with novelty preference but not novelty reactivity, anxiety or stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 215:721–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsen CM, Winder DG (2009) Operant sensation seeking engages similar neural substrates to operant drug seeking in C57 mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:1685–1694

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Palanza P, Morley-Fletcher S, Laviola G (2001) Novelty seeking in periadolescent mice: sex differences and influence of intrauterine position. Physiol Behav 72:255–262

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Panlilio LV, Katz JL, Pickens RW, Schindler CW (2003) Variability of drug self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167:9–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Park CC, Gale GD, de Jong S, Ghazalpour A, Bennett BJ, Farber CR, Langfelder P, Lin A, Khan AH, Eskin E, Horvath S, Lusis AJ, Ophoff RA, Smith DJ (2011) Gene networks associated with conditional fear in mice identified using a systems genetics approach. BMC Syst Biol 5:43

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker CC, Cheng R, Sokoloff G, Palmer AA (2012a) Genome-wide association for methamphetamine sensitivity in an advanced intercross mouse line. Genes Brain Behav 11:52–61

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parker CC, Sokoloff G, Cheng R, Palmer AA (2012b) Genome-wide association for fear conditioning in an advanced intercross mouse line. Behav Genet 42:437–448

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patkar AA, Berrettini WH, Hoehe M, Thornton CC, Gottheil E, Hill K, Weinstein SP (2002) Serotonin transporter polymorphisms and measures of impulsivity, aggression, and sensation seeking among African-American cocaine-dependent individuals. Psychiatry Res 110:103–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Patkar AA, Murray HW, Mannelli P, Gottheil E, Weinstein SP, Vergare MJ (2004) Pre-treatment measures of impulsivity, aggression and sensation seeking are associated with treatment outcome for African-American cocaine-dependent patients. J Addict Dis 23:109–122

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Payseur BA, Place M (2007) Prospects for association mapping in classical inbred mouse strains. Genetics 175:1999–2008

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petkov PM, Graber JH, Churchill GA, DiPetrillo K, King BL, Paigen K (2005) Evidence of a large-scale functional organization of mammalian chromosomes. PLoS Genet 1:e33

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philip VM, Duvvuru S, Gomero B, Ansah TA, Blaha CD, Cook MN, Hamre KM, Lariviere WR, Matthews DB, Mittleman G, Goldowitz D, Chesler EJ (2010) High-throughput behavioral phenotyping in the expanded panel of BXD recombinant inbred strains. Genes Brain Behav 9:129–159

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Philip VM, Sokoloff G, Ackert-Bicknell CL, Striz M, Branstetter L, Beckmann MA, Spence JS, Jackson BL, Galloway LD, Barker P, Wymore AM, Hunsicker PR, Durtschi DC, Shaw GS, Shinpock S, Manly KF, Miller DR, Donohue KD, Culiat CT, Churchill GA, Lariviere WR, Palmer AA, O’Hara BF, Voy BH, Chesler EJ (2011) Genetic analysis in the Collaborative Cross breeding population. Genome Res 21:1223–1238

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Phillips TJ, Huson MG, McKinnon CS (1998) Localization of genes mediating acute and sensitized locomotor responses to cocaine in BXD/Ty recombinant inbred mice. J Neurosci 18:3023–3034

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Piazza PV, Deminiere JM, Maccari S, Mormede P, Le Moal M, Simon H (1990) Individual reactivity to novelty predicts probability of amphetamine self-administration. Behav Pharmacol 1:339–345

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Post AM, Weyers P, Holzer P, Painsipp E, Pauli P, Wultsch T, Reif A, Lesch KP (2011) Gene-environment interaction influences anxiety-like behavior in ethologically based mouse models. Behav Brain Res 218:99–105

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rademacher DJ, Anders KA, Thompson KJ, Steinpreis RE (2000) The failure of some rats to acquire intravenous cocaine self-administration is attributable to conditioned place aversion. Behav Brain Res 117:13–19

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ray J, Hansen S (2004) Temperament in the rat: sex differences and hormonal influences on harm avoidance and novelty seeking. Behav Neurosci 118:488–497

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Recla JM, Robledo RF, Gatti DM, Bult CJ, Churchill GA, Chesler EJ (2014) Precise genetic mapping and integrative bioinformatics in Diversity Outbred mice reveals Hydin as a novel pain gene. Mamm Genome 25:211–222

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson NR, Roberts DC (1996) Progressive ratio schedules in drug self-administration studies in rats: a method to evaluate reinforcing efficacy. J Neurosci Methods 66:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts AJ, Phillips TJ, Belknap JK, Finn DA, Keith LD (1995) Genetic analysis of the corticosterone response to ethanol in BXD recombinant inbred mice. Behav Neurosci 109:1199–1208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Durantez E, Hall SK, Steffen C, Self DW (2006) Enhanced acquisition of cocaine self-administration by increasing percentages of C57BL/6J genes in mice with a nonpreferring outbred background. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 186:553–560

    Google Scholar 

  • Samocha KE, Lim JE, Cheng R, Sokoloff G, Palmer AA (2010) Fine mapping of QTL for prepulse inhibition in LG/J and SM/J mice using F(2) and advanced intercross lines. Genes Brain Behav 9:759–767

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schindler CW, Panlilio LV, Goldberg SR (2002) Second-order schedules of drug self-administration in animals. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 163:327–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherry A, Henson RK (2005) Conducting and interpreting canonical correlation analysis in personality research: a user-friendly primer. J Pers Assess 84:37–48

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Siuciak JA, McCarthy SA, Chapin DS, Reed TM, Vorhees CV, Repaske DR (2007) Behavioral and neurochemical characterization of mice deficient in the phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B) enzyme. Neuropharmacology 53:113–124

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith MA (2012) Peer influences on drug self-administration: social facilitation and social inhibition of cocaine intake in male rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 224:81–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Soria G, Barbano MF, Maldonado R, Valverde O (2008) A reliable method to study cue-, priming-, and stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine self-administration in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 199:593–603

    Google Scholar 

  • Svenson KL, Gatti DM, Valdar W, Welsh CE, Cheng R, Chesler EJ, Palmer AA, McMillan L, Churchill GA (2012) High-resolution genetic mapping using the Mouse Diversity outbred population. Genetics 190:437–447

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS (2007) Using multivariate statistics. Pearson, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Tarantino LM, McClearn GE, Rodriguez LA, Plomin R (1998) Confirmation of quantitative trait loci for alcohol preference in mice. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22:1099–1105

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen M, Caine SB (2006) Cocaine self-administration under fixed and progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement: comparison of C57BL/6J, 129X1/SvJ, and 129S6/SvEvTac inbred mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 184:145–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen M, Caine SB (2007) Intravenous drug self-administration in mice: practical considerations. Behav Genet 37:101–118

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thomsen M, Caine SB (2011) False positive in the intravenous drug self-administration test in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Pharmacol 22:239–247

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tornatzky W, Miczek KA (2000) Cocaine self-administration “binges”: transition from behavioral and autonomic regulation toward homeostatic dysregulation in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148:289–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Trigo JM, Orejarena MJ, Maldonado R, Robledo P (2009) MDMA reinstates cocaine-seeking behaviour in mice. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 19:391–397

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Veen R, Piazza PV, Deroche-Gamonet V (2007) Gene-environment interactions in vulnerability to cocaine intravenous self-administration: a brief social experience affects intake in DBA/2J but not in C57BL/6J mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 193:179–186

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Yang H, Shivalila CS, Dawlaty MM, Cheng AW, Zhang F, Jaenisch R (2013) One-step generation of mice carrying mutations in multiple genes by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Cell 153:910–918

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ward SJ, Rosenberg M, Dykstra LA, Walker EA (2009) The CB1 antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) blocks cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking and other context and extinction phenomena predictive of relapse. Drug Alcohol Depend 105:248–255

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wills TA, Vaccaro D, McNamara G (1994) Novelty seeking, risk taking, and related constructs as predictors of adolescent substance use: an application of Cloninger’s theory. J Subst Abuse 6:1–20

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Wang JR, Didion JP, Buus RJ, Bell TA, Welsh CE, Bonhomme F, Yu AH, Nachman MW, Pialek J, Tucker P, Boursot P, McMillan L, Churchill GA, de Villena FP (2011) Subspecific origin and haplotype diversity in the laboratory mouse. Nat Genet 43:648–655

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Wang H, Jaenisch R (2014) Generating genetically modified mice using CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Nat Protoc 9:1956–1968

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Picetti R, Butelman ER, Schlussman SD, Ho A, Kreek MJ (2009) Behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by oxycodone differ between adolescent and adult mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 34:912–922

    PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge support from The Jackson Laboratory to EJC, NIDA, IRP to DTL; NIDA Drug Supply Program, Cancer Center Core Grant CA034196; and NIGMS P50 GM076468. We would also like to thank Dr. Yavin Shaham of NIDA IRP and Dr. Guy Mittleman at Ball State University for their consultation on the mouse IVSA procedure and Andree Lapierre of JAX Surgical Services for consultation on mouse surgical techniques for the study.

Conflict of interest

None

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA

    Price E. Dickson, Juliet Ndukum, Troy Wilcox, James Clark, Brittany Roy & Elissa J. Chesler

  2. Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Room 2206, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    Lifeng Zhang, Yun Li & Da-Ting Lin

Authors
  1. Price E. Dickson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Juliet Ndukum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Troy Wilcox
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. James Clark
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Brittany Roy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Lifeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yun Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Da-Ting Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Elissa J. Chesler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Da-Ting Lin or Elissa J. Chesler.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Figure 1

(DOCX 53 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Dickson, P.E., Ndukum, J., Wilcox, T. et al. Association of novelty-related behaviors and intravenous cocaine self-administration in Diversity Outbred mice. Psychopharmacology 232, 1011–1024 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3737-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3737-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation