Skip to main content
Log in

Instability of Dielectrics and Conductors in Electrostatic Fields

  • Published:
Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This article proves most of the assertion in §116 of Maxwell’s treatise on electromagnetism. The results go under the name Earnshaw’s Theorem and assert the absence of stable equilibrium configurations of conductors and dielectrics in an external electrostatic field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arnold, V.: Mathematical developments arising from Hilbert problems. Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics vol. XXVIII. (Eds. F. Browder) Am. Math. Soc., Providence, 1976

  2. Arnold, V.: Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 60. Springer, Berlin, 1997

  3. Duffin, R.J.: Free suspension and Earnshaw’s theorem. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 14, 261–163, 1963

  4. Duffin R.J.: The potential energy of an electric charge. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 15, 305–310 (1964)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Duffin R.J., Shild A.: The potential energy of an electric charge is a superharmonic function. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 25, 156–158 (1967)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Earnshaw S.: On the nature of the molecular forces which regulate the constitution of the luminiferous ether. Trans. Camb. Philos. Soc. 7, 97–114 (1842)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Henrot, A., Pierre, M.: Variation et optimisation de formes, une analyse géométrique. Springer, Berlin, 2005

  8. Kozlov V.: Asymptotic solutions of equations of classical mechanics. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 46, 454–457 (1982)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Kozlov V.: Asymptotic motions and the inversion of the Lagrange–Dirichlet theorem. J. Appl. Math. Mech. 50, 719–725 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Laloy M., Peiffer K.: On the instability of equilibrium when the potential has a non-strict local minimum. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 78, 213–222 (1982)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Maxwell, J.C.: A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism Vol. I., (From the 1891 ed.) Dover Publ., 1954

  12. Newton, I.: Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. B. Cohen translator, Univ. California Press, Berkeley, 2016

  13. Painlevé, P.: Sur la stabilité de l’équilibre. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. A-B 135, IS55, 1904

  14. Palamodov, V.P.: Stability of equilibrium in a potential field. Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 11, No. 4, 4255 1977. Engl. transl. Funct. Anal. Appl. 11, 277–289, 1978

  15. Palamodov, V.P.: Stability of motion and algebraic geometry. Dynamical Systems in Classical Mechanics. (Ed. V.V. Kozlov) Transl. Ser. 2 Am. Math. Soc. 168(25), 5–20, 1995

  16. Rauch, J.: Earnshaw’s theorem in electrostatics and a conditional converse to Dirichlet’s Theorem. Séminaire Laurent Schwartz, École Polytechnique, January 2014

  17. Taliaferro S.: Stability for two dimensional analytic potentials. J. Differ. Equ. 35, 248–265 (1980)

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Taliaferro S.: Instability of an equilibrium in a potential field. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 109(2), 183–194 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Wintner A.: The Analytical Foundations of Celestial Mechanics. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1941)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jeffrey Rauch.

Additional information

Communicated by P. Rabinowitz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Allaire, G., Rauch, J. Instability of Dielectrics and Conductors in Electrostatic Fields. Arch Rational Mech Anal 224, 233–268 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-016-1073-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-016-1073-0

Navigation