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Hypophosphatasia: an overview of the disease and its treatment

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Abstract

This review presents the current knowledge on hypophosphatasia, a rare genetic disease of very variable severity (from lethal to mild) and clinical presentation, caused by defective production of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP). Hypophosphatasia can affect babies in utero as well as infants, children, and adults. The article first presents the genetics of TNSALP and its many known mutations underlying the disease. Then, it presents the epidemiology, classification, and clinical presentation of the six different forms of the disease (perinatal lethal, prenatal benign, infantile, childhood, adult, and odontohypophosphatasia) as well as the essential diagnostic clues. The last section on treatment presents a survey of the therapeutic approaches, up to the ongoing phase 2 studies of enzyme replacement therapy.

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This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.

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Maria Luisa Bianchi has received honoraria and travel reimbursement from Alexion Pharmaceuticals for consultation and for speaking at meetings.

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  1. Experimental Laboratory for Children’s Bone Metabolism Research, Bone Metabolism Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, via L. Ariosto 13, 20145, Milano, Italy

    M. L. Bianchi

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Bianchi, M.L. Hypophosphatasia: an overview of the disease and its treatment. Osteoporos Int 26, 2743–2757 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-015-3272-1

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