Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Navigationssysteme sollen die Präzision erhöhen und den Operateur bei der Durchführung bestimmter Eingriffe unterstützen. Unterschieden werden eine bildbasierte und eine bildfreie Navigation. Bildbasierte Verfahren beruhen auf 2‑D- bzw. heutzutage meist auf 3‑D-Systemen. Bei der bildfreien Navigation wird u. a. der 3‑D-Druck eingesetzt.
Indikationen
In der Literatur existieren zahlreiche Studien zu Navigationsverfahren in der Unfallchirurgie. Während sich die Navigation in der Extremitätenchirurgie nicht durchsetzen konnte, ist der Einsatz der 3‑D-Navigation in der Becken- und Wirbelsäulenchirurgie etabliert. Vor allem bei Frakturen des hinteren Beckenringes (SI-Verschraubung) und bei dorsalen Stabilisierungsoperationen der Halswirbelsäule wird die Navigation regelmäßig angewendet.
Voraussetzungen
Um die Navigation optimal einsetzen zu können, sollte die Lernkurve abgeschlossen sein und die Technik regelmäßig angewendet werden. Zudem sollte der Chirurg die Operationstechnik sicher in konventioneller Technik beherrschen, um potenzielle Fehler der Navigation zu erkennen.
Vor- und Nachteile
Vorteile sind neben der erhöhten Patientensicherheit, die reduzierte Strahlenbelastung sowie eine geringere Invasivität chirurgischer Eingriffe. Als Nachteile sind unter ökonomischen Gesichtspunkten u. a. die hohen Anschaffungskosten anzuführen.
Abstract
Background
Navigation systems are supposed to increase precision and support surgeons while they perform certain interventions. 2D, or nowadays 3D, systems are used in image-based approaches. Image-free navigation uses 3D printing.
Indications
There are several studies on navigation procedures in trauma surgery. In contrast to limb surgery, the use of 3D navigation in pelvic and spine surgery is already well established. Navigation is especially regularly used to treat fractures of the posterior pelvic ring and for posterior stabilization of the cervical spine.
Requirements
To be able to utilize navigation systems optimally, the learning curve should be completed, and the technique should be used regularly. In addition, the surgeon should know the surgical technique without navigation in order to recognize potential errors of the navigation.
Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages include increased patient safety, reduction in radiation exposure and less invasive surgical procedures. However, among other disadvantages, initial costs are high.
Abbreviations
- BV:
-
Bildverstärker
- CAOS :
-
„Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery“
- DRG :
-
Diagnosis Related Groups
- DVT :
-
Digitale Volumentomographie
- HWS :
-
Halswirbelsäule
- IS :
-
Iliosakral
- VKB :
-
Vorderes Kreuzband
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S. Oberthür, S. Sehmisch, L. Weiser, L. Viezens und T. Stübig geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
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Oberthür, S., Sehmisch, S., Weiser, L. et al. Hat die Navigation in der Traumatologie noch einen Stellenwert?. Orthopädie 51, 719–726 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-022-04288-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-022-04288-9
Schlüsselwörter
- 3D-Bildgebung
- Computerassistierte Chirurgie
- Perioperative Komplikationen
- Wirbelsäule
- Chirurgische Navigationssysteme