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Trace element distribution and geochemical zonation in the world-class Nowa Sól sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposit, SW Poland

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Abstract

More than 200 samples from sediment-hosted Lower Zechstein Cu-Ag series of the newly discovered Nowa Sól deposit (SW Poland) were studied in order to determine spatial and vertical correlations between the metals. On the basis of obtained metal distribution, the investigated deposit can be subdivided into two parts. Rare earth elements and gold concentrations are elevated in the southwestern part of the deposit, close to the Rote Fäule area. Silver cobalt, rhenium, lead, and zinc are concentrated in a wide polymetallic zone in the northeastern part of the deposit. The concentration patterns of most metals are controlled by the distance from the Zielona Góra oxidized field. Copper content does not vary significantly across the deposit. The contents of molybdenum, nickel, and vanadium seem to depend on the lithotype rather than on broader metal distribution. In general, the highest ore grades are observed in the organic-rich variety of the Kupferschiefer, in the uppermost mineralized Weissliegend, and in the base of the Zechstein limestone. Metal zonation of the Nowa Sól deposit can be drawn in the following order from southwest to northeast: (1) Au-rare earth element (REE)-bearing transitional zone, (2) REE-enriched Cu-bearing reduced zone, (3) Ag-Re-Co-enriched Cu-bearing reduced zone, (4) Pb-Ag-Co-enriched Cu-bearing reduced zone, and (5) Pb-bearing reduced zone. Distribution of metals across the investigated area supports an epigenetic model involving multistage and fault-controlled ore-forming processes. It is plausible that the volume, temperature, chemical composition, and time of activity of the metalliferous fluids have differed across the northern part of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline. The polymetallic Nowa Sól deposit, hosting estimated, inferred, and indicated resources of 10.6 Mt of Cu and 36.4 kt of Ag, is part of a broader mineralized trend. The deposit is open towards the west and northwest; the prognostic area with hypothetical resources, covering more than 500 km2 has been delineated in the northwestern part of the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, where at least 50 Mt of Cu and 120 kt of Ag can still be discovered and documented.

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Data availability

The authors declare that data presented in the article was obtained by the Miedzi Copper Corporation during its exploration program in Poland. Miedzi Copper is an owner of all raw results of the chemical assays.

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Stanisław Speczik for the writing assistance, a critical revision of the manuscript, and for sharing the research material. We are indebted to Krzysztof Zieliński from the MCC for a language revision. We would also like to thank the reviewers Adam Piestrzyński and Gregor Borg for the constructive comments to the manuscript. We acknowledge Bernd Lehman and Hartwig Frimmel for the editorial handling and supporting us in getting this paper into a publishable form. Finally, we would like to pay our special regards to Leo Hatheway and Lyle Braaten from Miedzi Copper Corporation, who allowed us to study core samples from the Nowa Sól deposit.

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    Tomasz Bieńko & Alicja Pietrzela

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TB contributed to the conception and design of the manuscript, collected the data, calculated the raw results, performed the statistical computing, prepared the maps and figures, contributed to the data interpretation, and wrote the paper; AP collected the data, contributed to the data interpretation, and participated in the revisions of paper.

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Bieńko, T., Pietrzela, A. Trace element distribution and geochemical zonation in the world-class Nowa Sól sediment-hosted Cu-Ag deposit, SW Poland. Miner Deposita 57, 827–851 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01110-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01110-6

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