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Neoproterozoic tin mineralization in South China: geology and cassiterite U–Pb age of the Baotan tin deposit in northern Guangxi

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Abstract

The Baotan tin deposit (23 Mt @ 0.43% Sn) is located in the Jiuwandashan–Yuanbaoshan area, South China. It is hosted in Neoproterozoic mafic/metasedimentary rocks and apical portions of the Pinying granite pluton. Six alteration and mineralization stages have been identified: pre-ore alteration, cassiterite greisen, cassiterite–tourmaline–quartz vein, cassiterite–quartz vein, cassiterite–sulfide vein, and post-ore quartz/calcite–quartz vein stages. Tin mineralization is mainly in the cassiterite greisen, cassiterite–tourmaline–quartz, and cassiterite–quartz vein stages. The deposit is characterized by widespread tourmalinization. Both pre-ore and ore-stage tourmaline is schorl. Tourmaline from pre-ore tourmaline–quartz nodules has elevated Al2O3 and F contents and Fe/(Fe + Mg) and Na/(Na + Ca) ratios, which are probably controlled by the initial magmatic fluid. Ore-stage tourmaline shows low Al2O3 and F contents and Fe/(Fe + Mg) and Na/(Na + Ca) ratios, which are likely influenced by the surrounding mafic rocks. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on two cassiterite samples from disseminated cassiterite–tourmaline–quartz ore and cassiterite–quartz vein yields 206Pb/238U weighted mean ages of 832 ± 5 Ma and 834 ± 4 Ma (2 σ), respectively. These two dates are consistent with the previously reported zircon U–Pb ages of 834–835 Ma for the Pingying granite, which indicates that tin mineralization is related to the granite. The granite has low magnetic susceptibility and zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios, which are similar to those of Sn-bearing ilmenite-series granites. Our study confirms the Neoproterozoic tin mineralization event in South China and indicates that the Neoproterozoic highly fractionated S-type granites in the southeastern margin of Yangtze Block have a great potential for tin mineralization.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Bernd Lehmann and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that helped to significantly improve this manuscript. We also thank Congying Li and Dengfeng Li for their technical assistances with the cassiterite U–Pb isotopic and zircon trace-element analyses and Wenlan Zhang and Zeying Zhu for their help with EMP analysis of tourmaline.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41830428, 41702092).

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  1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Xianlin University Town, Nanjing, 210023, China

    Shitao Zhang, Rongqing Zhang, Jianjun Lu, Dongsheng Ma, Shouye Gao & Qiang Zhang

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Shitao Zhang

  3. Institute of Marine Geology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China

    Teng Ding

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  7. Qiang Zhang
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Correspondence to Jianjun Lu.

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Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of cassiterite from the Baotan tin deposit. (XLSX 21.4 kb)

ESM 2

Table 2 Electron microprobe results of tourmaline (wt%) in the Baotan tin deposit. (XLSX 12.9 kb)

ESM 3

Table 3 Magnetic susceptibility (CGS) of the Pingying biotite granites. (XLSX 10.5 kb)

ESM 4

Table 4 Rare earth element compositions (ppm) of zircon from the Pinging coarse-grained biotite granite (XLSX 39.3 kb)

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Zhang, S., Zhang, R., Lu, J. et al. Neoproterozoic tin mineralization in South China: geology and cassiterite U–Pb age of the Baotan tin deposit in northern Guangxi. Miner Deposita 54, 1125–1142 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00862-y

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