Abstract
Ears evolved in many groups of moths to detect the echolocation calls of predatory bats. Although the neurophysiology of bat detection has been intensively studied in moths for decades, the relationship between sound-induced movement of the noctuid tympanic membrane and action potentials in the auditory sensory cells (A1 and A2) has received little attention. Using laser Doppler vibrometry, we measured the velocity and displacement of the tympanum in response to pure tone pulses for moths that were intact or prepared for neural recording. When recording from the auditory nerve, the displacement of the tympanum at the neural threshold remained constant across frequencies, whereas velocity varied with frequency. This suggests that the key biophysical parameter for triggering action potentials in the sensory cells of noctuid moths is tympanum displacement, not velocity. The validity of studies on the neurophysiology of moth hearing rests on the assumption that the dissection and recording procedures do not affect the biomechanics of the ear. There were no consistent differences in tympanal velocity or displacement when moths were intact or prepared for neural recordings for sound levels close to neural threshold, indicating that this and other neurophysiological studies provide good estimates of what intact moths hear at threshold.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/f002386/1, MWH), a HFSP Cross Disciplinary Fellowship (LT00024/2008-C, FM-Z) and the Royal Society of London (DR). We thank J. Memmott and G. Jones for collecting moths, A. Radford and I. Cuthill for statistical advice, and B. Hedwig, F. Dupuy, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript.
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Communicated by: Sven Thatje
Hannah M. ter Hofstede and Holger R. Goerlitz contributed equally.
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ter Hofstede, H.M., Goerlitz, H.R., Montealegre-Z, F. et al. Tympanal mechanics and neural responses in the ears of a noctuid moth. Naturwissenschaften 98, 1057–1061 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0851-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-011-0851-7