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Experimental assessment and numerical analysis of a shear specimen for wood adhesive fiber composites

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Abstract

This study investigated the shear strength of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)-wood bonds based on the experimental results of a specific type of test specimen developed for this composition by directly comparing the strengths of bondline and solid wood of Picea abies Karst. species. Four types of fibers were used, three synthetic (Vectran, Carbon 300 and Carbon 600) and one natural (Sisal), bonded with two adhesives (polyurethane and epoxy). Carbon 300 and Sisal fibers showed better structural compatibility when bonded with epoxy resin, while Vectran and Carbon 600 presented similar compatibility when glued with epoxy or polyurethane resins. Numerical analysis was carried out in order to understand if the experimental procedure can influence the shear strength results for the different composites. It allowed assessing the stress distribution in the shear plane in terms of tangential and orthogonal stresses to the bond plane for different FRP elastic moduli and glue line thicknesses. The study observed high stress concentrations at the edges of the specimen and lower stresses in the middle of the shear area, both influenced by the elastic modulus and thickness. Numerical results showed that the presence of normal stress peaks increased as stiffness decreased and thickness increased. This occurrence may explain the better strength values observed experimentally for the high stiffness fiber-reinforced assemblies compared to pure adhesives or Sisal, which have low stiffness and high thickness.

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Abbreviations

\(\rho\) :

Material density

\(E\) :

Material longitudinal elastic modulus

G :

Material transverse elastic modulus (shear)

ν :

Poisson’s ratio

\(\tau\) :

Shear stress

\({F}_{max}\) :

Maximun load before failure

\(A\) :

Shear plane theoretical area

\(\eta\) :

Structural compatibilty

\({\tau }_{r}\) :

Shear strength composite specimen

\({\tau }_{w}\) :

Shear strength wood specimen

\({\tau }_{max}\) :

Maximum shear strength

\({\tau }_{mid}\) :

Shear strength at the middle of the plane

\({\tau }_{mean}\) :

Mean shear strength

\(x\) :

Mean estimate

\(s\) :

Standard deviation

\(n\) :

Number of samples

\({d}_{f}\) :

Degrees of freedom

\(t\) :

Significance

\(t\phi (P\%)\) :

Student’s t test value 

\(\sigma\) :

Normal stress

CV:

Coefficient of variation

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES-Brazil), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, n. 475722/2013-2-Brazil), the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal, n. SFRH/BD/144968/2019), the Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE) and the Institute of Bioeconomy (formerly Trees and Timber Institute, IVALSA) of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) for their support. Michele Brunetti, Michela Nocetti and the CNR-IBE staff are also acknowledged for their help during laboratory activities.

Funding

This research received a grant (scholarships) from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, n. 475722/2013–2-Brazil), the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal, n. SFRH/BD/144968/2019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, ISISE-Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788, Coimbra, Portugal

    Aléxia Brandão Ribeiro

  2. School of Civil Engineering, Architeture and Urbanism, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, 13083-889, Brazil

    Nilson Tadeu Mascia

  3. Institute of Bioeconomy, CNR-IBE, National Research Council of Italy, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy

    Paolo Burato & Benedetto Pizzo

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  1. Aléxia Brandão Ribeiro
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Correspondence to Nilson Tadeu Mascia.

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Ribeiro, A.B., Mascia, N.T., Burato, P. et al. Experimental assessment and numerical analysis of a shear specimen for wood adhesive fiber composites. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 81, 617–632 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-022-01916-1

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