Skip to main content
Log in

Impact of overbite and overjet on oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents

Einfluss von Overbite und Overjet auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ) von Kindern und Jugendlichen

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background

Usually, morphological parameters of the teeth are recorded to help assess the indication for orthodontic treatment. It is assumed that significant deviations from average values compromise the quality of life. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of overbite and overjet on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children and adolescents.

Patients and methods

A total of 748 subjects, aged 9.5–15.5 years, participated in the LIFE child project of the University of Leipzig, where they underwent a general medical and dental examination. Overbite and overjet were measured, and aberrations of the OHRQoL were recorded by the probands themselves, who completed the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G11-14). The OHRQoL is divided into four domains (“oral symptoms”, “functional limitations”, “emotional well-being” and “social well-being”) and is analysed by means of a CPQ score depending on age, gender, socioeconomic status and orthodontic treatment.

Results

On average, the participants listed 10.5 (±13.1) problem issues on a CPQ scale ranging from 0 to 140. Subjects with current orthodontic treatment had a CPQ score about 2.5 (±2.4) higher than those without treatment. The aberrations were mainly observed in the domains “oral symptoms” and “functional limitations”. Multiple linear regression showed that deviations of the overbite had only little influence on the OHRQoL, but deviations of an overjet—especially of >6 mm increased the CPQ summary score about 6 points.

Conclusion

Children and adolescents with overjet deviations of >6 mm in comparison to the norm are associated with significant limitations of the OHRQoL. However, overbite deviations have only little influence.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Erfassung morphologischer Gebissparameter dient dazu, die Indikation für kieferorthopädische Behandlungen zu stellen, weil angenommen wird, dass wesentliche Abweichungen von der Norm die Lebensqualität beeinträchtigen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, den Einfluss von Overbite/Overjet auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (MLQ) von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu analysieren.

Patienten und Methoden

In die Studie wurden 748 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 9,5 und 15,5 Jahren einbezogen. Alle Probanden waren Teilnehmer am LIFE Child Forschungsprojekt der Universität Leipzig, die sowohl allgemeinmedizinisch als auch zahnärztlich untersucht worden sind. Overbite und Overjet wurden mithilfe einer Messlehre ermittelt. Die Einschränkungen der MLQ wurden von den Probanden selbst mittels der deutschen Version des Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G11-14) erfasst. Darin wird die MLQ in 4 Domänen („orale Symptome“, „funktionelle Einschränkungen“, „emotionales Wohlbefinden“ und „soziales Wohlbefinden“) eingeteilt und mithilfe des CPQ-Scores in Abhängigkeit von Alter, Geschlecht, sozioökonomischem Status und kieferorthopädischer Behandlung ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Im Mittel gaben die Probanden 10,5 (±13,1) Problempunkte auf der von 0–140 reichenden CPQ-Skala an. Probanden mit gegenwärtiger kieferorthopädischer Behandlung hatten einen um 2,5 (±2,4) Problempunkte höheren CPQ-Summenwert, der sich hauptsächlich in den Domänen „orale Symptome“ und „funktionelle Einschränkungen“ zeigte. Die multivariablen linearen Regressionsanalysen ergaben, dass Normabweichungen beim Overbite wenig Einfluss auf die MLQ hatten, Normabweichungen beim Overjet im Umfang von >6 mm dagegen den CPQ-Summenwert statistisch signifikant und klinisch relevant um 6 Problempunkte erhöhten.

Schlussfolgerung

Abweichungen des Overjet bei Kindern und Jugendlichen von >6 mm sind im Vergleich zur Norm (2–3 mm) mit signifikanten Einschränkungen der MLQ assoziiert. Normabweichungen beim Overbite haben hingegen nur geringen Einfluss auf die MLQ.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1 Abb. 1
Fig. 2 Abb. 2
Fig. 3 Abb. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Agou S, Locker D, Streiner DL et al (2008) Impact of self-esteem on the oral-health-related quality of life of children with malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 134(4):484–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2006.11.021

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Bekes K, John MT, Schaller HG et al (2011) The German version of the child perceptions questionnaire on oral health-related quality of life (CPQ-G11–14). J Orofac Orthop 72(3):223–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-011-0027-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bekes K, Zyriax R, Schaller HG et al (2010) Hat Karies Einfluss auf die mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen? Does dental caries have an impact on oral health-related quality of life in children and adolescents? Oralprophylaxe Kinderzahnheilkd 32(4):176–181

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bundesausschuss der Zahnärzte und Krankenkassen (2004) Richtlinie Kieferorthopädie

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chen M, Feng Z‑C, Liu X et al (2015) Impact of malocclusion on oral health–related quality of life in young adults. Angle Orthod 85(6):986–991. https://doi.org/10.2319/101714-743.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen M, Wang D‑W, Wu L‑P (2010) Fixed orthodontic appliance therapy and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Chinese patients. Angle Orthod 80(1):49–53. https://doi.org/10.2319/010509-9.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Feu D, Miguel JAM, Celeste RK et al (2013) Effect of orthodontic treatment on oral health-related quality of life. Angle Orthod 83(5):892–898. https://doi.org/10.2319/100412-781.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Feu D, de Oliveira BH, de Oliveira Almeida MA et al (2010) Oral health-related quality of life and orthodontic treatment seeking. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 138(2):152–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.09.033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Glasl B, Ludwig B, Schopf P (2006) Prevalence and development of KIG-relevant symptoms in primary school students from Frankfurt am Main. J Orofac Orthop 67(6):414–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-006-0615-8

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Hassan AH, Amin HE-S (2010) Association of orthodontic treatment needs and oral health-related quality of life in young adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 137(1):42–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.02.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. John M, Micheelis W (2003) Mundgesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität in der Bevölkerung: Grundlagen und Ergebnisse des Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) aus einer repräsentativen Stichprobe in Deutschland. IDZ-Information(1), pp 1–28

    Google Scholar 

  12. John MT, Hirsch C, Reiber T et al (2006) Translating the research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders into German: evaluation of content and process. J Orofac Pain 20(1):43–52

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. John MT, Patrick DL, Slade GD (2002) The German version of the Oral Health Impact Profile—translation and psychometric properties. Eur J Oral Sci 110(6):425–433. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0722.2002.21363.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Jokovic A, Locker D, Guyatt G (2005) What do children’s global ratings of oral health and well-being measure? Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 33(3):205–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00210.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Jokovic A, Locker D, Stephens M et al (2002) Validity and reliability of a questionnaire for measuring child oral-health-related quality of life. J Dent Res 81(7):459–463

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Lampert T, Kroll L, Müters S et al (2013) Messung des sozioökonomischen Status in der Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland (DEGS1). Bundesgesundheitsblatt 56(5):631–636. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-012-1663-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Liu Z, McGrath C, Hägg U (2011) Changes in oral health-related quality of life during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. An 18-month prospective longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 139(2):214–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.08.029

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. O’Brien K, Wright JL, Conboy F et al (2006) The child perception questionnaire is valid for malocclusions in the United Kingdom. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 129(4):536–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.10.014

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. de Oliveira CM, Sheiham A (2004) Orthodontic treatment and its impact on oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian adolescents. J Orthod 31(1):20–27. https://doi.org/10.1179/146531204225011364

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Palomares NB, Celeste RK, Oliveira BHd et al (2012) How does orthodontic treatment affect young adults’ oral health-related quality of life? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 141(6):751–758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2012.01.015

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Quante M, Hesse M, Döhnert M et al (2012) The LIFE child study. A life course approach to disease and health. BMC Public Health 12(1):1021. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-1021

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Sardenberg F, Martins MT, Bendo CB et al (2013) Malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life in Brazilian school children. Angle Orthod 83(1):83–89. https://doi.org/10.2319/010912-20.1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Sierwald I, John MT, Schierz O et al (2015) Association of overjet and overbite with esthetic impairments of oral health-related quality of life. J Orofac Orthop 76(5):405–420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-015-0300-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sinko K, Jagsch R, Prechtl V et al (2005) Evaluation of esthetic, functional, and quality-of-life outcome in adult cleft lip and palate patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 42(4):355–361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Taylor KR, Kiyak A, Huang GJ et al (2009) Effects of malocclusion and its treatment on the quality of life of adolescents. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 136(3):382–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2008.04.022

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Winkler J, Stolzenberg H (eds) (1999) Der Bundes-Gesundheitssurvey 1998. Erfahrungen, Ergebnisse, Perspektiven. Der Sozialschichtindex im Bundesgesundheitssurvey. Gesundheitswesen 61(2).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the participants of the LIFE Child study and their parents for taking part in the study, the examiners for clinical oral investigation, Annett Schrock for data preparation, and the complete LIFE Child team for organizing the course of the study.

Funding

This work is supported by LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University Leipzig and by German Research Foundation (DFG: HI 707/3-1). LIFE is funded by the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by the Free State of Saxony within the framework of the excellence initiative.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Consortia

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sara Fabian.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

S. Fabian, B. Gelbrich, A. Hiemisch, W. Kiess, C. Hirsch and the LIFE Child study team declare that they have no competing interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fabian, S., Gelbrich, B., Hiemisch, A. et al. Impact of overbite and overjet on oral health-related quality of life of children and adolescents. J Orofac Orthop 79, 29–38 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0114-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0114-0

Keywords

Schlüsselwörter

Navigation