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Hydrological fluctuations modulate phototrophic responses to nutrient fertilization in a large and shallow lake of Southwest China

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Abstract

Lake nutrient budgets and hydrology are being altered by human activities and climate change, yet little is known of how fertilization and hydrologic mechanisms interact to structure assemblages of primary producers. Here, we present sediment records from a large shallow lake in Southwest China to separate the relative importance of nutrients and hydrological fluctuation in regulating the abundance and composition of primary producers during the twentieth century, with a focus on their differential effects on diatoms and cyanobacteria. Shifts in sedimentary particle-size distribution were consistent with the documented events of hydrological regulation during ~ 1953–1971 and subsequent changes in water level associated with severe droughts. Nutrient enrichment since ~ 1965 resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of total phototrophs (pheophytin a, β-carotene) as inferred from pigment analyses, with stronger responses of cyanobacteria (echinenone, zeaxanthin) over siliceous algae (diatoxanthin). Fossil diatom assemblages revealed a pronounced replacement of benthic taxa by eutrophic and planktonic species (e.g., Fragilaria crotonensis) since ~ 1973, but we observed a significant increase of small benthic Fragilaria sensu lato taxa following ~ 2005, which generally corresponded with a moderate increase in fossil pigments. Although eutrophication was the paramount predictor of changes in phototrophs during the last century, variation in lake hydrology due to climate and water management also modulated phototroph abundances and, more recently, diatom assemblages. Specifically, our sediment evidence suggests that hydrological fluctuation has overridden fertilization by nutrients in structuring diatom composition, leading to a heterogeneous response of cyanobacteria and diatoms to external forcing of this shallow lake.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant number 2017YFA0605202], National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant number 41171048, U1133601], and Ministry of Education of China [grant number 213034A]. PRL and IGE were supported by the Canada Research Chair program. We are grateful to Huibin Lu and Haibin Shi for their field work assistance, as well as Jiaoyuan Wang, Jianshuang Tao and Wengang Kang for their constructive comments. Constructive comments provided by two anonymous reviewers and editor are appreciated.

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  1. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes and Environment Change, School of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China

    Kui Hu, Guangjie Chen, Linpei Huang, Xiaolin Chen & Yuanyuan Liu

  2. Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada

    Irene Gregory-Eaves

  3. Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK, S4S 0A2, Canada

    Peter R. Leavitt

  4. Institute for Global Food Security, County Antrim, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK

    Peter R. Leavitt

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  1. Kui Hu
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Hu, K., Chen, G., Gregory-Eaves, I. et al. Hydrological fluctuations modulate phototrophic responses to nutrient fertilization in a large and shallow lake of Southwest China. Aquat Sci 81, 37 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-019-0633-4

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