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Deep anesthesia worsens outcome of rats with inflammatory responses

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Abstract

Objective

We tested the hypothesis that deep anesthesia with sevoflurane, known as a potent immunomodulator, for 4 h would worsen the 24-h outcomes of rats through modulation of the inflammatory responses.

Methods

Forty-nine male Wistar rats, administered low dose of lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously to elicit moderate inflammatory responses mimicked mild surgical stress, underwent one minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) or 2 MAC sevoflurane anesthesia for 4 h. The 24-h survival rate, arterial blood gases, plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations, and rate of T lymphocyte apoptosis in spleen were evaluated. We further examined the effects of hypotension and TNF-α discharge on the survival rate.

Results

The survival rate in 2 MAC group was significantly lower accompanied with decreased base excess and increased level of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) compared to 1 MAC group. The apoptosis rate did not differ between the two groups. Neither norepinephrine infusion to restore hypotension nor administration of anti-TNF-α antibody improved the outcome in the 2 MAC group.

Conclusions

Deep anesthesia with sevoflurane even for a short-term period augments the release of inflammatory cytokines evoked by inflammatory insults like surgical stress, impairs the acid–base balance, and subsequently deteriorates the outcomes.

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Acknowledgments

All authors gratefully thank Dr. Katsuya Mori for his excellent advice to perform the present study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan

    Kei Inoue, Takeshi Suzuki, Toru Igarashi, Shizuka Minamishima, Hiroyuki Seki, Shizuko Kosugi, Nobuyuki Katori & Hiroshi Morisaki

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  1. Kei Inoue
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  2. Takeshi Suzuki
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  3. Toru Igarashi
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  4. Shizuka Minamishima
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  5. Hiroyuki Seki
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  7. Nobuyuki Katori
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  8. Hiroshi Morisaki
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Morisaki.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.

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Responsible Editor: Ji Zhang.

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Inoue, K., Suzuki, T., Igarashi, T. et al. Deep anesthesia worsens outcome of rats with inflammatory responses. Inflamm. Res. 65, 563–571 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-016-0940-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-016-0940-3

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