Abstract
The present study focused on the accumulation of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), pentachlorophenol (PCP) and dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), from a natural humic water (DOC 18 mg/l) and a humus-free reference water, in Daphnia magna (Cladocera) and nymphs of the mayfly Heptagenia fuscogrisea (Ephemeroptera). Effects of water pH ranging from 3.5 to 8.5 was examined. The partition coefficients (Kp) of BaP and PCP to organic material were measured by equilibrium dialysis, and in both cases increases in Kp values were noticed with decreasing pH. For neutral compounds (BaP and lindane), the bioconcentration factor (BCF) was the highest at pH 6.5 in the control water. Humic substances significantly lowered the accumulation of BaP, but had no effect on the accumulation of lindane. The lowest test pH gave the highest BCF value, and increasing pH decreased the BCF values of weak organic acids (PCP and DHAA) in the control experiments. This was because the unionized forms of these compounds accumulate better than the more hydrophilic ionized forms. The presence of dissolved organic substances lowered the accumulation of PCP in H. fuscogrisea between pH 4.5 and 7.5 and had no effect at pHs 3.5 and 8.5. Humic substances lowered the accumulation of DHAA in D. magna between pH 5.5 and 6.5 and had no effect when pH was over 7. In experiments with H. fuscogrisea humic substances had no effect on the accumulation of DHAA.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
McLeay, D.J., C.C. Walden and J.R. Munro. Water Res. 13:151 (1979).
Saarikoski, J. and M. Viluksela. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 10:747 (1981).
Spehar, R.L., H.P. Nelson, M.J. Swanson and J.W. Renoos. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4:389 (1985).
Fisher, S.W. and R.W. Wadleigh. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 11:1 (1986).
Saarikoski, J., R. Lindström, M. Tyynelä and M. Viluksela. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 11:158 (1986).
Fisher, S.W. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 10:202 (1985).
Fisher, S.W. and T.W. Lohner. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 16:79 (1987).
Gjessing, E.T. Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Aquatic Humus. (Ann Arborii: Ann Arbor Science, 1976).
Chen, Y. and M. Schnitzer. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 40:866 (1976).
De Haan, H., G. Werlemark and T. De Boer. Plant and Soil 75: 63 (1983).
Thurman, E.M. Organic Geochemistry of Natural Waters. (Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, 1985).
Poirrier, M.A., B.R. Bordelon and J.L. Laseter. Environ. Sci. Technol. 6:1033 (1972).
Hassett, J.P. and M.A. Anderson. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13:1526 (1979).
Gjessing E.T. and L. Berglind. Arch. Hydrobiol. 92:24 (1981).
Carlberg, G.E. and K. Martinsen. Sci. Total Environ. 25:245 (1982).
Landrum, P.F., M.D. Reinhold, S.R. Nihart and B.J. Eadie. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4:459 (1985).
Carlberg, G.E., K. Martinsen, A. Kringstad, E. Gjessing, M. Grande, T. Källqvist and J.U. Skåre. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 15:543 (1986).
Kukkonen J., A. Oikari., S. Johnsen and E. Gjessing. Sci. Tot. Environ. 79:197 (1989).
Carter, C.W. and I.H. Suffet. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16:735 (1982).
Tramonti, V., R.H. Zienius and D.S. Gamble. Inter. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 24:203 (1986).
Sithole, B.B. and R.D. Guy. Water Air Soil Poll. 32:315 (1987).
Best, J.A., J.B. Weber and S.B. Weed. Soil Sci. 114:444 (1972).
Khan, S.U. Can. J. Soil Sci. 53:199 (1973).
Guy, R.D., D.R. Narine and S. deSilva. Can. J. Chem. 58:547 (1980).
Narine, D.R. and R.D. Guy. Soil Sci. 133:356 (1982).
Havas, M., T.C. Hutchinson and G.E. Likens. Can. J. Zool. 62:1965 (1984).
Engblom, E. and P-.E. Lingdell. Bottenfaunans användbarhet som pH-indikator. Rapport SNV PM 1741. (Stockholm: Statens Naturvårdsverk, 1983) (in Swedish).
Engblom, E. and P-.E. Lingdell. Natl. Swedish Board Fish. Report 61:60 (1984).
Kutney, J.P., M. Singh, G.M. Hewitt, P.J. Salisbury, B.R. Worth, J.A. Servizi, D.W. Martens and R.W. Gordon. Can. J. Chem. 59:2334 (1981).
Statistical Analysis System. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5 edition. (Cary: 1985).
Cessna, A.J. and R. Grover. J. Agri. Food Chem. 26:289 (1978).
Nyrén, V. and E. Back. Acta Chem. Scand. 12:1516 (1958.)
Hansch, C. and A. Leo. Substituent Constants for Correlation Analysis in Chemistry and Biology. (New York: Wiley, 1979).
Miller, M.M., S.P. Wasik, G-.L. Huang, W-.Y. Shiu and D. Mackay. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19:522 (1985).
Hawker, D.W. and D.W. Connell. Wat. Res. 22:701 (1988).
Haniff, M.I., R.H. Zienius, C.H. Langford and D.S. Gamble. J. Environ. Sci. Health B20:215 (1985).
Kukkonen, J. and A. Oikari. Sci. Tot. Environ. 62:399 (1987).
Petersen, R.C., Jr. and U. Persson. Sci. Tot. Environ. 62:387 (1987).
Fisher, S.W. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Safety 10:202 (1985).
Saint-Fort, R. and S.A. Visser. J. Environ. Sci. Health A23:613 (1988).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kukkonen, J. (1991). Effects of pH and natural humic substances on the accumulation of organic pollutants in two freshwater invertebrates. In: Allard, B., Borén, H., Grimvall, A. (eds) Humic Substances in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Environment. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 33. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0010492
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0010492
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-53702-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46985-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive