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The biology ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum,S. trifoliorum, andS. minor with emphasis on specific nomenclature

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Abstract

The separation ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, 5.trifoliorum Erikss., andS. minor Jagger into three distinct species has been based on traditional morphological and physiological criteria such as gross cultural characteristics, sclerotial size, ascus and ascospore dimensions, time of apothecial development in the field, and host association. However, these characteristics tend to be variable and some workers have concluded that the three fungi should be included in one species, 5.sclerotiorum. Recently, new data have been published on morphological, cultural, physiological, ontogenetic, enzyme pattern, mycelial interaction, and cytological characteristics of isolates ofSclerotinia spp. This information supplements, but does not replace, that available from more traditional taxonomic methods and helps to resolve the controversy on the taxonomy and nomenclature of these fungi.

This article reviews the relevant literature on the biology of 5.sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, and 5.minor, with particular emphasis given to those differences between them that could be of significance regarding their specific nomenclature. After an introduction, mycelia, microconidia, sclerotia, apothecia, infection, control, and taxonomy and nomenclature are discussed. The authors conclude thatS. sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum, andS. minor are distinct species. The characteristics used to distinguish between them are summarized in table form.

Zusammenfassung

Die Aufteilung vonSclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary,S. trifoliorum Erikss. undS. minor Jagger in drei verschiedene Spezies basiert auf traditionellen morphologischen und physiologischen Kriterien wie z.B.: Kulturbedingungen, Sklerotiengrösse, Ascus und Ascosporengrösse, Zeit der Apothezienentwicklung im Freiland und Wirtspezifität. Diese Kriterien sind jedoch variabel. Daher wird von einigen Wissenschaftlern vorgeschlagen, die drei Pilzarten zu einer Spezies zusammenzulegen:S. sclerotiorum. In jüngster Zeit wurden neue Daten veröffentlicht: Morphologische, kulturtechnische, physiologische, ontogenetische Eigenschaften, Enzymzusammensetzungen, Myzelinteraktionen und cytologische Charakteristiken vonSclerotinia Arten. Diese Information ergänzt die Angaben, die mit den mehr traditionellen taxonomischen Methoden gewonnen wurden, und hilft, die Kontroverse über die Taxonomie und Nomenklatur dieser Pilze zu beseitigen.

Dieser Artikel referiert die Literatur zur Biologie von 5.sclerotiorum,S. trifoliorum undS. minor. Besonderer Wert wurde auf solche Unterscheidungsmerkmale gelegt, die von spezieller Bedeutung bezüglich der Nomenklatur sind. Nach einer Einleitung werden Myzel, Mikroconidien, Sklerotien, Apothezien, Infektion, Kontrolle, Taxonomie und Nomenklatur diskutiert. Die Autoren vertreten die Meinung, dassS. sclerotiorum, S. trifoliorum undS. minor unterschiedliche Spezies darstellen. Die charakteristischen Unterscheidungsmerkmale sind in einer Tabelle zusammengefasst.

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  1. School of Botany, University of New South Wales, 2033, Kensington, Australia

    H. J. Willetts

  2. Department of Agriculture, New Town Research Laboratory, 7008, Tasmania, Australia

    J. A. L. Wong

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Willetts, H.J., Wong, J.A.L. The biology ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum,S. trifoliorum, andS. minor with emphasis on specific nomenclature. Bot. Rev 46, 101–165 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860868

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