Abstract
The surface of PAN-based carbon fiber was directly modified with fluorine-oxygen mixtures at room temperature. The surface characteristics of the modified fiber were determined by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic contact angle analyzer. The surface free energy was also calculated with the Owens-Wendt geometric mean method using water and methylene iodide contact angle. The surface of carbon fiber was changed into hydrophilicity by the formation of semicovalent C-F bond and C-O bond depending on reaction conditions and the surface free energy of oxyfluorinated fiber was significantly increased.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alexander, M. R. and Jones, F. R., “Effect of Electrolytic Oxidation upon the Surface Chemistry of Type A Carbon Fibres-Part II, Analysis of Derivatised Surface Functionalities by XPS, and TOF SIMS,”Carbon,33, 569 (1995).
Bogoeva-Gaceva, G., MÄder, E., Haüssler, L. and Dekanski, A., “Characterization of the Surface and Interphase of Plasma-treated HM Carbon Fibres,”Composites Part A,28, 445 (1997).
Chong, Y. B. and Ohara, H., “Modification of Carbon Fiber Surfaces by Direct Fluorination,”J. Fluorine Chem.,57, 169 (1992).
Delamar, M., Desarmot, G., Fagebaume, O., Hitmi, R., Pinson, J. and Savent, J.M., “Modification of Carbon Fiber Surfaces by Electrochemical Reduction of Aryl diazonium Salts: Application to Carbon Epoxy Composites,”Carbon,35, 801 (1997).
Fukunaga, A., Ueda, S. and Nagumo, M., “Air-oxidation and Anodization of Pitch-based Carbon Fibers,”Carbon,37, 1081 (1999).
Fukunaga, A. and Ueda, S., “Anodic Surface Oxidation for Pitch-based Carbon Fibers and the Interfacial Bond Strengths in Epoxy Matrices,”Composites Sci. and Tech.,60, 249 (2000).
Gupta, V., Nakajima, T., Ohzawa, Y. and Iwata, H., “Electrochemical Characteristics and Structures of Surface-fluorinated Graphites with Different Particle Sizes for Lithium Ion Secondary Batteries,”J. Fluorine Chem.,112, 233 (2001).
Kharitonv, A. P., “Improved and Novel Surface Fluorinated Products,”J. Fluorine Chem.,104, 97 (2000).
Köster, K. F. and Schwartz, P., “Influence of Acetylene Plasma Treatment on the Torsional Fatigue of Carbon-fiber-reinforced Composite Strands,”Composites Sci. and Tech.,60, 2005 (2000).
Lee, W. H., Lee, J.G. and Peucroft, P. J., “XPS Study of Carbon Fiber Surfaces Treated by Thermal Oxidation in a Gas Mixture of O2/(O2+ N2),”Appl. Surf. Sci.,171, 136 (2001).
Mathur, R. B., Gupta, V., Bahl, O. P., Tressaud, A. and Flandrois, S., “Improvement in the Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based Carbon Fibers after Fluorination,”Synthetic Metals,114, 197 (2000).
Montes-Moran, M.A., Martiez-Alonso, A., Tascon, J. M.D. and Young, R. J., “Effects of Plasma Oxidation on the Surface and Interfacial Properties of Ultra-high Modulus Carbon Fibres,”Composite: Part A,32, 361 (2001).
Nakajima, T., “Fluorine-containing Energy Conversion Materials,”J. Fluorine Chem.,105, 229 (2000).
Park, S.H. and Kim, S.D., “Functionalization of HDPE Powder by CF4 Plasma Surface Treatment in a Fluidized Bed Reactor,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,16, 731 (1999).
Pittman, C. U., Jiang, W., Yue, Z. R., Gardner, S., Wang, L., Toghiani, H. and Leon, C.A., “Surface Properties of Electrochemically Oxidized Carbon Fibers,”Carbon,37, 1797 (1999).
Rhee, B. S., Ryu, S.K., Joo, H. J. and Jeong, B., “Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Mesophase Pitch Composites,”HWAHAK KONGHAK,25, 504 (1987).
Schonherr, H., Hruska, Z. and Vancso, G. J., “Surface Characterization of Oxyfluorinated Isotactic Polypropylene Films: Scanning Force Microscopy with Chemically Modified Probes and Contact Angle Measurements,”Macromolecules,31, 3679 (1998).
Sea, B.K., Choo, S.Y., Lee, T. J., Morooka, S. and Song, S.K., “Tensile Strength and Morphological Investigation of SiC-coated Carbon Fibers,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,12, 416 (1995).
Toit du, F. J. and Sanderson, R. D., “Surface Fluorination of Polypropylene; 1. Characterization of Surface Properties,”J. Fluorine Chem.,98, 107 (1999).
Tressaud, A., Gupta, V., Guimon, C. and Moguet, F., “Fluorine-intercalated Carbon Fibers: II: An X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study,”Mater. Sci. Eng. B,30, 61 (1995).
Tressaud, A., Shirasaki, T., Nanse, G. and Papirer, E., “Fluorinated Carbon Blacks: Influence of the Morphology of the Starting Material on the Fluorination Mechanism,”Carbon,40, 217 (2002).
Wu, Z., Pittman, Jr. C.U. and Gardner, S.D., “Nitric Acid Oxidation of Carbon Fibers and the Effects of Subsequent Treatment in Refluxing Aqueous NaOH,”Carbon,33, 597 (1995).
Yang, K. S., Lee, D. J., Ryu, S.K., Korai, Y., Kim, Y. J. and Mochida, I., “Isotropic Carbon and Graphite Fibers from Chemically Modified Coal-Tar Pitch,”Korean J. Chem. Eng.,16, 518 (1999).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, YS., Lee, BK. & Rho, JS. The physicochemical characteristics of modified carbon fibers by Fluorination. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 20, 151–156 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697201
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02697201