Skip to main content
Log in

Coming to terms with heritability

  • Published:
Genetica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The complex mechanisms of heredity are little appreciated by non-specialists, in some measure, because of misunderstandings that are perpetuated when words used for technical terms have other, more widely understood, folk meanings. When a word has both technical and folk meanings, it is the responsibility of the specialist to avoid promoting confusion by either using extremely cautious and precise language when using the term or, in cases when confusion is inevitable, abandoning the term in favor of one without a widely understood folk meaning. The study of heredity is beset by such confusion, and the term heritability appears to be at the heart of some of the confusion. In this article, I discuss both the technical and folk meanings of heritability and examine the bridge between them. By continuing to use the term heritability, we risk promulgating serious misunderstanding about the workings of heredity, therefore I suggest selectability as an alternative term to avoid such pitfalls.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arnold, S.J., 1994. Multivariate inheritance and evolution: A review of concepts, in Quantitative Genetic Studies of Behavioral Evolution edited by C.R.B. Boake, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, A.E., 1977. Heritability in retrospect. J. Hered. 68: 297–300.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Emde, R.N., R. Plomin, J. Robinson, R. Corley, J.C. DeFries, D.W. Fulker, J.S. Reznick, J. Campos, J. Kagan & C. Zahn-Waxler, 1992. Temperament, emotion and cognition at fourteen months: The MacArthur Longitudinal Twin Study. Child Dev. 63: 1437–1455.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falconer, D.S., 1989. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. 3rd edn. Longman, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrnstein, R.J., & C. Murray, 1994. The Bell Curve: Intelligence and class structure in American life. Free Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J., 1963. Behavior genetics and individuality understood: Behaviorism's counterfactual dogma blinded the behavioral sciences to the significance of meiosis. Science 142: 1436–1442.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, J., 1967. Behavior-genetic Analysis. In Behavior-Genetic Analysis edited by J. Hirsch, McGraw-Hill, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kempthorne, O., 1978. Logical, epistemological and statistical aspects of nature-nurture data interpretation. Biometrics 34: 1–23.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • King, J.C., 1981. The Biology of Race. University of California Press, Berkeley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lawrence, P.A., 1992. The Making of a Fly: The Genetics of Animal Design. Blackwell Scientific Publications, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, I.M., 1958. The Genetic Basis of Selection. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewontin, R.C., 1974. The analysis of variance and the analysis of causes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 26: 400–411.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lush, J.L., 1937. Animal Breeding Plans. The Collegiate Press, Ames, IA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lush, J.L., 1940. Intra-sire correlations or regressions of offspring on dam as a method of estimating heritability of characteristics. Am. Soc. Anim. Prod. Proc. 33: 293–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • McClearn, G.E., 1962. The inheritance of behavior in Psychology in the Making: Histories of Selected Research Problems edited by L. Postman, Knopf, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGuire, T.R. & J. Hirsch, 1977. General intelligence (g) and heritability (H2, h2) in The Structuring of Experience edited by I.C. Uzgiris & F. Weizmann, Plenum, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neisser, U., G. Boodoo, T.J. Bouchard, A.W. Boykin, N. Brody, S.J. Ceci, D.F. Halpern, J.C. Loehlin, R. Perloff, R.J. Sternberg & S. Urbina, 1996. Intelligence: Knowns and unknowns. Am. Psychol. 52: 77–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edn. [on-line].

  • Plomin, R., J.C. DeFries & G.E. McClearn, 1990. Behavioral Genetics: A Primer (2nd edn). Freeman and Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plomin, R., M.J. Owen & P. McGuffin, 1994. The genetic basis of complex human behaviors. Science 264: 1733–1739.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tesser, A., 1993. The importance of heritability in psychological research: The case of attitudes. Psych. Rev. 100: 129–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wahlsten, D., 1990. Insensitivity of the analysis of variance to heredity-environment interaction. Behav. Brain Sci 13: 109–161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlsten, D., 1994a. The intelligence of heritability. Can. Psych. 35: 244–260.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlsten, D., 1994b. Nascent doubts may presage conceptual clarity: Reply to Surby. Can. Psych. 35: 265–267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright, S., 1920. The relative importance of heredity and environment in determining the piebald pattern of guinea pigs. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 6: 320–332.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Stoltenberg, S.F. Coming to terms with heritability. Genetica 99, 89–96 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259512

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02259512

Key words

Navigation