Summary
The prediction of arctic ocean ice dynamics relies on a correct modelling of the stresses acting on the ice field, including the Coriolis effect, wind and current stresses and the ice interaction. Observations made in the past decade show significant ice interaction and flow patterns which can be consistently modeled with a plastic rheology. The main local physical process considered in these rheologies is the pressure ridging phenomenon. However recent arctic field work carried out in the marginal ice zone (less than 100 km from the edge of the ice field) shows the ice very near the edge to consist of a large number of discrete floes. While a plastic rheology may well have application under compact conditions in this region, under dispersed conditions the rheology may be different. In order to address this issue, in this work the ice floe collisions induced by ice deformation are analyzed. The internal kinematics as represented by the ice floe fluctuations is derived. Comparisons between the results and field data show excellent correlation. However, the theoretically predicted floe fluctuations are about one order of magnitude lower than the field measurements. Possibilities for this discrepancy are proposed and discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Johannessen, O. M., Horn, D. A., eds.: MIZEX Bulletin V: MIZEX 84 Summer experiment PI preliminary reports, USACRREL Special Report 84-29, p. 176, US Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab. 1984.
Nansen, F.: The oceanography of the North Polar Basin. Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893–1896, Scientific Results3, 1–427 (1902).
Laikhtman, D. L.: On the wind-drift of polar ice. Trudy Leningr. Gidromet. Inst.7, 129–137 (1958).
Glen, J. W.: Thoughts on a viscous model for sea ice. AIDJEX Bulletin2, 18–27 (1970).
Coon, M. D., Maykut, G. A., Pritchard, R. S., Rothrock, D. A., Thorndike, A. S.: Modeling the pack ice as an elastic-plastic material. AIDJEX Bulletin24, 1–105 (1974).
Pritchard, R. S., Coon, M. D., McPhee, M. G.: Simulation of sea ice dynamics during AIDJEX. Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology99, (3), 491–497 (1977).
Hibler, W. D. III.: A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model. J. Phys. Oceanogr.9 (4), 815–846 (1979).
Hibler, W. D. III.: Ice dynamics. USACRREL Monograph 84-3, p. 52. US Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab. 1984.
Pritchard, R. S., ed.: Proc. ICSI/AIDJEX Symp. on sea ice processes and models, p. 474. University of Washington 1980.
Hibler, W. D. III., Wadhams, P.: MIZEX Bulletin IV: Initial results and analysis from MIZEX 83. USACRREL Special Report 84-28, p. 56. US Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab. 1984.
Nye, J. F.: Is there any physical basis for assuming linear viscous behavior for sea ice? AIDJEX Bulletin21, 18–19 (1973).
Hibler, W. D. III., Ackley, S. F., Crowder, W. K., McKim, H. W., Anderson, D. M.: Analysis of shear zone ice deformation in the Beaufort Sea using satellite imagery. The coast and shelf of the Beaufort Sea (Reed, J. C., Sater, J. E., eds.), Arctic Institute of North America, pp. 285–296, 1974.
Hutter, K.: On possible constitutive equations for sea ice. AIDJEX Bulletin26, 163 to 172. University of Washington, 1974.
Coon, M. D.: Mechanical behavior of compacted arctic ice floes. J. Petrol. Tech.26, 466–470 (1974).
Rothrock, D. A.: The energetics of plastic deformation of pack ice by ridging. J. Geophys. Res.80 (33), 4514–4519 (1975).
Hibler, W. D. III, Bryan, K.: Ocean circulation: It's effects on seasonal sea-ice simulations. Science224 (4648), 489–492 (1984).
Bratchie, J.: Rheology of an ice floe field. Annals of Glaciology5, 23–28 (1984).
Savage, S. B.: The mechanics of rapid granular flows. Advances in Applied Mech.24, 289–366 (1984).
Shen, H. H., Hibler, W. D. III, Leppäranta, M.: On the rheology of a broken ice field due to floe collision. MIZEX Bulletin III, USACRREL Special Report 84-28, pp. 29–34, 1984.
Jenkins, J. T., Mancini, F.: Balance laws and constitutive relations for plane flows of a dense, binary mixture of smooth, nearly elastic, circular disks. Submitted to J. of Applied Mech. (1986).
Jenkins, J. T., Richman, M. W.: Kinetic theory for plane flows of a dense gas of identical, rough, inelastic, circular disks. Phys. Fluids28 (12), 3485–3494 (1985).
Hibler, W. D. III, Leppäranta, M.: MIZEX 83 mesoscale sea ice dynamics: initial analysis. MIZEX Bull. IV, U.S. Army Cold Reg. Res. and Eng. Lab. pp. 19–28, 1984.
Shen, H. H.: Constitutive relationships for fluid-solid mixtures, p. 137, Ph. D. Dissertation, Clarkson University, 1982.
Shen, H. H., Ackermann, N. L.: Constitutive equations for a simple shear flow of a disk shaped granular mixture. Int. J. Eng. Sci.22 (7), 829–843 (1984).
Hopkins, M. A.: Collisional stresses in a rapidly deforming granular flow, p. 110, M. S. Thesis, Clarkson University, 1985.
Yen, Y. C., Odar, F., Bracy, L. R.: Impact of spheres on ice. ASCE Eng. Mech. Div.96, 641–652 (1970).
Hodgman, C. D., Weast, R. C., Selby, S. M.: Handbook of chemistry and physics. Chemical Rubber Pub. Co. 1959.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
With 6 Figures
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shen, H.H., Hibler, W.D. & Leppäranta, M. On applying granular flow theory to a deforming broken ice field. Acta Mechanica 63, 143–160 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182545
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01182545