Skip to main content
Log in

Intentionality, social play, and definition

  • Published:
Biology and Philosophy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Social play is naturally characterized in intentional terms. An evolutionary account of social play could help scientists to understand the evolution of cognition and intentionality. Alexander Rosenberg (1990) has argued that if play is characterized intentionally or functionally, it is not a behavioral phenotype suitable for evolutionary explanation. If he is right, his arguments would threaten many projects in cognitive ethology. We argue that Rosenberg's arguments are unsound and that intentionally and functionally characterized phenotypes are a proper domain for ethological investigation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Allen, C.: 1992a, ‘Mental Content’,British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 43, 537–553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C.: 1992b, ‘Mental Content and Evolutionary Explanation’,Biology and Philosophy 7, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C.: 1993, ‘Intentionality: Natural and Artificial’, in J.-A. Meyer and H.L. Roitblat (eds.),Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen, C. and Hauser, M.D.: 1991, ‘Concept Attribution in Non-human Animals: Theoretical and Methodological Difficulties Ascribing Complex Mental Processes’,Philosophy of Science 58, 221–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M.: 1975, ‘The Communication of Play Intention: Are Play Signals Functional?’Semiotica 15, 231–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M.: 1977, ‘Social Communication in Canids: Evidence for the Evolution of a Stereotyped Mammalian Display’,Science 197, 1097–1099.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M.: 1993, ‘Cognitive Ethology, Folk Psychology, and the Explanation of Nonprimate Behavior’, in J.-A. Meyer and H.L. Roitblat (eds.),Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., forthcoming.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M. and Allen, C.: 1992, ‘Intentional Icons: Towards an Evolutionary Cognitive Ethology’,Ethology 91, 1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M. and Allen, C.: 1994, ‘Cognitive Ethology: Slayers, Skeptics, and Proponents’, in R.W. Mitchell, N. Thompson, and L. Miles (eds.),Anthropomorphism, Anecdotes, and Animals: The Emperor's New Clothes?, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Neb.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bekoff, M. and Byers, J.A.: 1981, ‘A Critical Reanalysis of the Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Mammalian Social and Locomotor Play: An Ethological Hornet's Nest’, in K. Immelmann, G.W. Barlow, L. Petrinovich and M. Main (eds.),Behavioral Development: The Bielefeld Interdisciplinary Project, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 296–337.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burghardt, G.M.: 1985, ‘Animal Awareness: Current Perceptions and Historical Perspective’,American Psychologist 40, 905–919.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, R.: 1975, ‘Functional Analysis’,Journal of Philosophy 72, 741–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C.: 1871,The Descent of Man, J. Murray, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennett, D.: 1969,Content and Consciousness, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dennett, D.: 1983, ‘Intentional Systems in Cognitive Ethology: The “Panglossian Paradigm” Defended’,Behavioral and Brain Sciences 6, 343–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fagen, R.: 1981,Animal Play Behavior, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher, R.A.: 1930,The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford University Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, J., Flavell, E., and Green, F.: 1987, ‘Young children's Knowledge about the Apparent-Real and Pretend-Real Distinctions’,Developmental Psychology 23 (6), 816–822.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grice, H.: 1957, ‘Meaning’,Philosophical Review 66, 377–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, D.R.: 1992,Animal Minds, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilborn, R. and Stearns, S.C.: 1982, ‘On Inference in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: The Problem of Multiple Causes’,Acta Biotheoretica 31, 145–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamieson, D. and Bekoff, M.: 1993, ‘On Aims and Methods of Cognitive Ethology’,Philosophy of Science Association 1992, volume 2, forthcoming.

  • Martin, P. and Caro, P.M.: 1985, ‘On the Functions of Play and its Role in Behavioral Development’,Advances in the Study of Behavior 15, 59–103.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millikan, R.: 1984,Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, R.: 1990, ‘A Theory of Play’, in M. Bekoff and D. Jamieson (eds.),Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior, Vol. 1, Interpretation, Intentionality, and Communication, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 197–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plato: 23rd C BP: 1961,Meno, in E.H. Hamilton and H. Cairns (eds.),Plato: The Collected Dialogues, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 353–384.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riechert, S.E.: 1993, ‘The Evolution of Behavioral Phenotypes: Lessons Learned from Divergent Spider Populations’,Advances in the Study of Behavior 22, 103–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, A.: 1990, ‘Is There an Evolutionary Biology of Play?’, in M. Bekoff and D. Jamieson (eds.),Interpretation and Explanation in the Study of Animal Behavior, Vol. 1, Interpretation, Intentionality, and Communication, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 180–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sober, E.: 1984,The Nature of Selection: Evolutionary Theory in Philosophical Focus, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sober, E.: 1988,Reconstructing the Past: Parsimony, Evolution, and Inference, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sober, E.: 1993,Philosophy of Biology, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stich, S.: 1983,From Folk Psychology to Cogntitive Science: The Case Against Belief, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, E.O.: 1975,Sociobiology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Allen, C., Bekoff, M. Intentionality, social play, and definition. Biol Philos 9, 63–74 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849914

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00849914

Key words

Navigation