Genetic evidence that the “Padstow mussel” is Mytilus galloprovincialis

Abstract

Electrophoretic analysis of loci controlling a variety of enzymes has been applied to samples of the “Padstow mussel” and typical Mytilus edulis L. living strictly sympatrically at Rock, Cornwall, England, in order to resolve the disputed status of the “Padstow mussel”. Small samples indicated similar monomorphic states at the αGPDH, TO, MDH-2 loci and weak polymorphism at the 6 PGD locus in both types of mussel. The MDH-1 locus may be weakly polymorphic in the “Padstow mussel” and monomorphic in M. edulis. Large samples assayed for AP, LAP, PGM, and PHI produced data showing very large and highly significant differences in allele frequencies at three of these loci between the two groups of mussels separated on anatomical characters. At the LAP locus, significant deficiencies of heterozygotes were observed in both groups of mussels. A small percentage of mussels from Rock are difficult to assign with certainty to one or other group on anatomical and morphological criteria, but the genetic evidence indicates that most, if not all, such specimens are M. edulis. These genetic differences make it highly improbable that any significant degree of genetic exchange occurs between the two groups in nature and, taken together with the evidence of genetic resemblance of the Padstow mussel to M. galloprovincialis from Venice and that of Rock M. edulis to M. edulis, from the Gower peninsula of Wales we conclude that the “Padstow mussel” is indeed M. galloprovincialis.