Skip to main content
Log in

Lexical choice for complex noun phrases: Structure, modifiers, and determiners

  • Published:
Machine Translation

Abstract

This paper presents a lexical choice component for complex noun phrases. We first explain why lexical choice for NPs deserves special attention within the standard pipeline architecture for a generator. The task of the lexical chooser for NPs is more complex than for clauses because the syntax of NPs is less understood than for clauses, and therefore, syntactic realization components, while they accept a predicate-argument structure as input for clauses, require a purely syntactic tree as input for NPs. The task of mapping conceptual relations to different syntactic modifiers is therefore left to the lexical chooser for NPs.

The paper focuses on the syntagmatic aspect of lexical choice, identifying a process called “NP planning”. It focuses on a set of communicative goals that NPs can satisfy and specifies an interface between the different components of the generator and the lexical chooser.

The technique presented for NP planning encapsulates a rich lexical knowledge and allows for the generation of a wide variety of syntactic constructions. It also allows for a large paraphrasing power because it dynamically maps conceptual information to various syntactic slots.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. J. Anscombre and O. Ducrot: 1993, L'argumentation dans la langue. Pierre Mardaga, Bruxelles.

    Google Scholar 

  2. D. Appelt: 1985, Planning Natural Language Utterances. Cambridge University Press.

  3. J. Barwise and R. Cooper: 1981, Generalized Quantifiers in English, Linguistics and Philosophy 4, 159–219.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. Block and H. Horacek: 1990, Generating Referring Expressions Using Multiple Knowledge Sources, in Proceedings of COLING 90, Vol 2, pp. 24–29, Helsinki.

  5. D. Bruxelles, S. Carcagno and C. Fournier: 1988, Vers une construction automatique des topoi à partir du lexique, CC AI — Journal for the Integrated Study of Artificial Intelligence Cognitive Science and Applied Epistemology 6(4), 309–328.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Bruxelles and P. Raccah: 1991, Argumentation et Semantique: le parti-pris du lexique.

  7. J. Coch and R. David: 1994, Uné application de génération de textes, in Actes de TALN-94, pp. 37–45, Marseille, France.

    Google Scholar 

  8. R. Dale: 1988, Generating Referring Expressions in a Domain of Objects and Processes. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh.

  9. R. Dale and E. Reiter: 1995, Computational Interpretations of the Gricean Maxims in the Generation of Referring Expressions, Cognitive Science 19, 233–263.

    Google Scholar 

  10. L. Danlos: 1986, The Linguistic Basis of Text Generation. Cambridge University Press.

  11. K. Donnellan: 1966, Reference and Definite Description, Philosophical Review, 75, 281–304.

    Google Scholar 

  12. O. Ducrot and T. Todorov: 1979, Encyclopedic Dictionary of the Sciences of Language. The John Hopkins Universty Press. Translated from French by Catherine Porter.

  13. M. Elhadad: 1990, Types in Functional Unification Grammars, in Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Pittsburgh, PA.

  14. M. Elhadad: 1992, Using Argumentation to Control Lexical Choice: A Unification-Based Implementation. PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, Columbia University.

  15. M. Elhadad: 1995, Using Argumentation in Text Generation, Journal of Pragmatics 24, 189–220.

    Google Scholar 

  16. M. Elhadad, K. McKeown, and J. Robin: To appear, Floatings Constraints in Lexical Choice, Computational Linguistics.

  17. M. Elhadad and J. Robin: 1996, An Overview of Surge: A Reusable Comprehensive Syntactic Realization Component. Technical Report 96-03, Department of Computer Science, Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel (April).

    Google Scholar 

  18. P. Fries: 1970, Tagmeme Sequences in the English Noun Phrase. Summer Institute of Linguistics Publications in Linguistics and Related Fields, Number 36. Benjamin F. Elson for The Church Press Inc., Glendale, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  19. P.-J. Gailly: 1988, Expressing Quantifier Scope in French Generation, in Proceedings of COLING 88, Budapest

  20. M. Halliday: 1985, An Introduction to Functional Grammar. Edward Arnold, London.

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. Hovy: 1988, Generating Natural Language under Pragmatic Constraints. L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, N.J.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Kay: 1979, Functional Grammar, in Proceedings of the 5th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistic Society.

  23. E. Keenan and Y. Stavi: 1986, A Semantic Characterization of Natural Language Determiners, Linguistics and Philosophy 9, 253–326.

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Kronfeld: 1981, The Referential-Attributive Distinction and the Conceptual-Descriptive Theory of Reference. PhD thesis, University of California, Berkeley.

  25. K. Kukich: 1983, Knowledge-Based Report Generation: A Knowledge Engineering Approach to Natural Language Report Generation. PhD thesis, University of Pittsburgh.

  26. K. Kukich, K. McKeown, J. Shaw, J. Robin, N. Morgan, and J. Phillips: 1994, User-Needs Analysis and Design Methodology for an Automated Document Generator, in A. Zampolli, N. Calzolari, and M. Palmer (eds), Current Issues in Computational Linguistics: In Honor of Don Walker. Kluwer Academic, Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  27. J. Lester: 1994, Generating Natural Language Explanations from Large-Scale Knowledge Bases. PhD thesis, Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin.

  28. J. N. Levi: 1978, The Syntax and Semantics of Complex Nominals. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  29. B. Levin and M. Rappaport: 1986, The Formation of Adjectival Passives, Linguistic Inquiry 17, 623–661.

    Google Scholar 

  30. D. McDonald: 1980, Natural Language Generation as a Process of Decision-Making under Constraints. PhD thesis, MIT.

  31. K. McKeown: 1985, Using Discourse Strategies and Focus Constraints to Generate Natural Language Text. Cambridge University Press.

  32. M. Meteer: 1990, The Generation Gap: The Problem of Expressibility in Text Planning. PhD thesis, University of Massachussets at Ahmerst.

  33. R. Passoneau, K. Kukich, J. Robin, and L. Lefkowitz: 1996, Generating Executive Summaries of Workflow Diagrams.

  34. R. Quirk, S. Greenbaum, G. Leech, and J. Svartvik: 1985, A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. Longman, London.

    Google Scholar 

  35. E. Reiter: 1990, Generating Appropriate Natural Language Object Description. PhD thesis, Center for Research in Computing Technology, Harvard University.

  36. E. Reiter: 1994, Has a Consensus Natural Language Generation Architecture Appeared and is it Psycholinguistically Plausible?, in Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pp. 163–170.

  37. E. Reiter: 1995, NLG vs Templates, in Proceedings of the 5th European Workshop on Natural-Language Generation (ENLGW-95), Leiden, The Netherlands.

  38. E. Reiter and R. Dale: 1992, A Fast Algorithm for the Generation of Referring Expressions, in Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-92), pp. 232–238, Nantes, France.

  39. E. Rosch: 1978, Principles of Categorization, in E. Rosch and B. Lloyd (eds), Cognition and Categorization, pp. 27–48. Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Searle: 1979, Referential and Attributive, in Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech-Acts. Cambridge University Press.

  41. Z. Vendler: 1968, Adjectives and Nominalizations. Mouton, The Hague.

    Google Scholar 

  42. E. Williams: 1980, Predication, Linguistic Inquiry, 11, 203–238.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Elhadad, M. Lexical choice for complex noun phrases: Structure, modifiers, and determiners. Machine Translation 11, 159–184 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349356

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00349356

Keywords

Navigation