Summary
The (linear) failures semantics is a well-known model for the theoretical version of Hoare's CSP. We generalize this semantics by taking steps (i.e. multisets of simultaneously occurring actions) instead of single actions as the basic execution unit. Hence opposed to the linear semantics — where parallelism is modelled as arbitrary interleaving in order to avoid technical complication — the step failures semantics models parallelism explicitly and is equally easy to manage. In particular a sound and complete proof system is given. Opposed to the linear model divergence is treated uniformly here. The relation to the linear semantics can be established using our newly introduced deparallelize operator.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arnold, A.: Synchronized behaviours of processes and rational relations. Acta Inf. 17, 21–29 (1982)
Austry, D., Boudol, G.: Algèbre de processus et synchronisation. Theor. Comput. Sci. 30, 91–131 (1984)
Brookes, S.D.: A model for communicating sequential processes, Ph.D. Thesis, Carnegia-Mellon Univ., Report CMU-CS-83-149 (1983)
Brookes, S.D., Hoare, C.A.R., Roscoe, A.W.: A theory of communicating sequential processes. J. Assoc. Comput. Mach. 31, 560–599 (1984)
Brookes, S.D., Roscoe, A.W.: An improved failures model for communicating processes. In: Brookes, S.D., Roscoe, A.W., Winskel, G. (eds.) Seminar on concurrency. Proceedings, Pittsburgh 1984. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 197, 281–305) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1985
Broy, M.: Process semantics of communicating concurrent programs. Univ. Passau, Report MIP- 8602 (1986)
Broy, M., Streicher, T.: Views of distributed systems. In: Venturini Zilli, M. (ed.) Mathematical models for the semantics of parallelism. Proceedings, Rome 1986. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 280, 114–143) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1987
Degano, P., De Nicola, R., Montanari, U.: CCS is an (augmented) contact free C/E-system. In: Venturini Zilli, M. (ed.) Mathematical models for the semantics of parallelism. Proceedings, Rome 1986. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 280, 144–165) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1987
Degano, P., De Nicola, R., Montanari, U.: A distributed operational semantics for CCS based on condition/event systems. Acta Inf. 26, 59–91 (1988)
Degano, P., Gorrieri, R., Marchetti, S.: An exercise in concurrency: A CSP process as a condition/ event system. In: Rozenberg, G. (ed.): Advances in Petri nets 1988. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 340, 85–105) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1988
De Nicola, R., Hennessy, M.C.B.: Testing equivalences for processes. Theor. Comput. Sci. 34, 83–133 (1984)
Elrad, T., Francez, N.: Decomposition of distributed programs into communication-closed layers. Sci. Comput. Program 2, 155–173 (1982)
Francez, N., Hoare, C.A.R., Lehmann, D.J., de Roever, W.P.: Semantics of nondeterminism, concurrency, and communication. J. Comput. Syst. Sci. 19, 290–308 (1979)
Francez, N., Lehmann, D., Pnueli, A.: A linear-history semantics for languages for distributed programming. Theor. Comput. Sci. 32, 25–46 (1984)
Glabbeck, R. van, Vaandrager, F.: Petri net models for algebraic theories of concurrency. In: de Bakker, J.W., Nijman, A.J., Treleaven, P.C. (eds.) PARLE, Parallel architectures and languages Europe. Vol. II. Processings, Eindhoven 1987. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 259, 224–242) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1987
Goltz, U.: On representing CCS programs by finite Petri nets. In: Chytil, M.P., Janiga, L., Koubek, V. (eds.) Mathematical foundations of computer science 1988. Proceedings, Carlsbad 1988. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 324, 339–350) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1988
Guessarian, I.: Algebraic semantics. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 99) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1981
Hennessy, M.C.B.: Algebraic theory of processes, 1st Ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press 1988
Hoare, C.A.R.: Communicating sequential processes. Commun. ACM 21, 666–677 (1978)
Kiehn, A.: On the interrelation between synchronized and non-synchronized behaviour of Petri nets. J. Inf. Process. Cybern. 24, 3–18 (1988)
Loogen, R.: Ein semantisches Modell für nichtdeterministische, parallele Prozesse. RWTH Aachen, Diploma Thesis 1985 (unpublished)
Loogen, R., Goltz, U.: Modelling nondeterministic concurrent processes with event structures. Preliminary version available from RWTH Aachen, Report 87-15. Fund. Inf. 1987 (to appear)
Milne, G.J.: CIRCAL and the representation of communication, concurrency, and time. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst, 7, 270–298 (1985)
Milner, R.: A calculus of communicating systems. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 92) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1980
Milner, R.: Calculi for synchrony and asynchrony. Theor. Comput. Sci. 25, 267–310 (1983)
Nivat, M.: Behaviors of processes and synchronized systems of processes. In: Broy, M., Schmidt, G. (eds.) Theoretical foundations of programming methodology, pp. 473–551. Dordrecht: Reidel 1982
Olderog, E.-R.: Operational Petri net semantics for CCSP. In: Rozenberg, G. (ed.) Advances in Petri nets 1987. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 266, 196–223) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1987
Olderog, E.-R., Hoare, C.A.R.: Specification-oriented semantics for communicating processes. Acta Inf. 23, 9–66 (1986)
Plotkin, G.D.: An operational semantics for CSP. In: Bjørner, D. (ed.) Formal description of programming concepts-II. Proceedings, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1982, pp. 199–223. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1983
Reisig, W.: On the semantics of Petri nets. In: Neuhold, E.J., Chroust, G. (eds.) Formal models in programming. Proceedings, Vienna 1985, pp. 347–372. Amsterdam: North-Holland 1985
Rozenberg, G., Verraedt, R.: Subset languages of Petri nets, Parts I and II. Theor. Comput. Sci. 26, 301–326 (1983) and 27, 85–108 (1983)
Salwicki, A., Müldner, T.: On the algorithmic properties of concurrent programs. In: Engeler, E. (ed.) Logic of programs. Proceedings, Zürich 1979. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 125, 169–197) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1981
Shields, M.W., Lauer, P.E.: A formal semantics for concurrent systems. In: Maurer, H.A. (ed.) Automata, languages and programming. Proceedings. Graz 1979. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 71, 571–584) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1979
Simone, R. de: Higher-level synchronising devices in MEIJE-SCCS. Theor. Comput. Sci. 37, 245- 267 (1985)
Taubner, D.: Two net-oriented semantics for TCSP. Univ. Hamburg, Report FBI-HH-B-116/85 (1985)
Taubner, D.: Finite representations of CCS and TCSP programs by automata and Petri nets. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 369) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1989
Taubner, D., Vogler, W.: The step failure semantics. In: Brandenburg, F.J., Vidal-Naquet, G., Wirsing, M. (eds.) STACS 87. Proceedings, Passau 1987. (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 247, 348–359) Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer 1987
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The first author is supported by an Ernst von Siemens scholarship. A preliminary version of this paper appeared in [37]
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Taubner, D., Vogler, W. Step failures semantics and a complete proof system. Acta Informatica 27, 125–156 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00265151
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00265151