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Effectiveness of Al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes

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Abstract

Internal P loading can maintain high P concentrations and delay eutrophic lake recovery following abatement of external loading. Sediment P inactivation with Al salts has been shown to provide long-term (5–14 years) control of sediment P release; long-term effectiveness of Fe and Ca salts has not been reported. Al toxicity problems are possible unless pH is maintained in the 6–8 range. Vertical transport of hypolimnetic P is unlikely in small, deep, dimictic lakes (\-Z√A0 > 8), and effectiveness of P inactivation in lowering their mid-summer epilimnetic P has not been demonstrated. To date, P inactivation has been found to be most effective in improving trophic state in shallow, softwater, polymictic lakes where control of sediment P release affects the entire water column. Abatement of external loading, where necessary, is essential for a successful P inactivation treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences and Water Resources Research Institute, Kent State University, 44242, Kent, OH, USA

    G. Dennis Cooke, Angela B. Martin, Donald G. Fulmer & James B. Hyde

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA, USA

    Eugene B. Welch & Garin D. Schrieve

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  1. G. Dennis Cooke
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  2. Eugene B. Welch
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  3. Angela B. Martin
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  6. Garin D. Schrieve
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Cooke, G.D., Welch, E.B., Martin, A.B. et al. Effectiveness of Al, Ca, and Fe salts for control of internal phosphorus loading in shallow and deep lakes. Hydrobiologia 253, 323–335 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00050758

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