Skip to main content

Abstract

RNF213 was identified as the susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease. Further, several studies have clarified genotype–phenotype correlation of RNF213 in patients with moyamoya disease. Although the frequency or the influence of the genotype differed in each ethnic, but especially Asian founder p.R4810K homozygous variant of RNF213 was associated with severe clinical manifestation at the disease onset or younger age at disease onset in Japanese and Korean patients with moyamoya disease. Also, the other rare variant of RNF213 may influence severe phenotype. Moreover, it has been recently clarified that the other diseases such as intracranial artery stenosis, moyamoya syndrome, extracranial artery stenosis, or cerebral aneurysm were potentially influenced by RNF213.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kamada F, Aoki Y, Narisawa A, Abe Y, Komatsuzaki S, Kikuchi A, et al. A genome-wide association study identifies RNF213 as the first moyamoya disease gene. J Hum Genet. 2011;56(1):34–40.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Liu W, Morito D, Takashima S, Mineharu Y, Kobayashi H, Hitomi T, et al. Identification of RNF213 as a susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease and its possible role in vascular development. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22542.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Miyatake S, Miyake N, Touho H, Nishimura-Tadaki A, Kondo Y, Okada I, et al. Homozygous c.14576G>A variant of RNF213 predicts early-onset and severe form of moyamoya disease. Neurology. 2012;78(11):803–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kim EH, Yum MS, Ra YS, Park JB, Ahn JS, Kim GH, et al. Importance of RNF213 polymorphism on clinical features and long-term outcome in moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(5):1221–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Nomura S, Yamaguchi K, Akagawa H, Kawashima A, Moteki Y, Ishikawa T, et al. Genotype-phenotype correlation in long-term cohort of Japanese patients with moyamoya disease. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;47(3–4):105–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Kim WH, Kim SD, Nam MH, Jung JM, Jin SW, Ha SK, et al. Posterior circulation involvement and collateral flow pattern in moyamoya disease with the RNF213 polymorphism. Childs Nerv Syst. 2019;35(2):309–14.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang Q, Liu Y, Zhang D, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wang S, et al. RNF213 as the major susceptibility gene for Chinese patients with moyamoya disease and its clinical relevance. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(4):1106–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang Y, Zhang Z, Wei L, Zhang Q, Zou Z, Yang L, et al. Predictive role of heterozygous p.R4810K of RNF213 in the phenotype of Chinese moyamoya disease. Neurology. 2020;94(7):e678–e86.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Ge P, Ye X, Liu X, Deng X, Wang J, Wang R, et al. Association between p.R4810K variant and postoperative collateral formation in patients with moyamoya disease. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;48(1–2):77–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ge P, Ye X, Liu X, Deng X, Wang R, Zhang Y, et al. Association between p.R4810K variant and long-term clinical outcome in patients with moyamoya disease. Front Neurol. 2019;10:662.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Moteki Y, Onda H, Kasuya H, Yoneyama T, Okada Y, Hirota K, et al. Systematic validation of RNF213 coding variants in Japanese patients with moyamoya disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4(5):e001862.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Zhang Q, Ge P, Ma Y, Zhang D, Wang R, Zhang Y, et al. Clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with moyamoya disease and the homozygous RNF213 p.R4810K variant. J Child Neurol. 2019;34(13):793–800.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nomura S, Akagawa H, Yamaguchi K, Kawashima A, Kawamata T. Surgical options and genetic screening of a patient with moyamoya disease harboring the RNF213 p.R4180 K homozygous variant. J Child Neurol. 2020; 883073820913373

    Google Scholar 

  14. Nomura S, Kawashima A, Akagawa H, Kawamata T. Letter to the editor. Influence of rare RNF213 variants other than p.R4810K on the clinical outcomes of moyamoya disease. J Neurosurg. 2018;129:1–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Guey S, Kraemer M, Herve D, Ludwig T, Kossorotoff M, Bergametti F, et al. Rare RNF213 variants in the C-terminal region encompassing the RING-finger domain are associated with moyamoya angiopathy in Caucasians. Eur J Hum Genet. 2017;25(8):995–1003.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Kobayashi H, Brozman M, Kyselova K, Viszlayova D, Morimoto T, Roubec M, et al. RNF213 rare variants in Slovakian and Czech moyamoya disease patients. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):e0164759.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Cecchi AC, Guo D, Ren Z, Flynn K, Santos-Cortez RL, Leal SM, et al. RNF213 rare variants in an ethnically diverse population with moyamoya disease. Stroke. 2014;45(11):3200–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Scott RM, Smith ER. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1226–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Miyawaki S, Imai H, Shimizu M, Yagi S, Ono H, Nakatomi H, et al. Genetic analysis of RNF213 c.14576G>A variant in nonatherosclerotic quasi-moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015;24(5):1075–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Morimoto T, Mineharu Y, Kobayashi H, Harada KH, Funaki T, Takagi Y, et al. Significant association of the RNF213 p.R4810K polymorphism with quasi-moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016;25(11):2632–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Phi JH, Choi JW, Seong MW, Kim T, Moon YJ, Lee J, et al. Association between moyamoya syndrome and the RNF213 c.14576G>A variant in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(6):717–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang Q, Liu Y, Yu L, Duan R, Ma Y, Ge P, et al. The association of the RNF213 p.R4810K polymorphism with quasi-moyamoya disease and a review of the pertinent literature. World Neurosurg. 2017;99:701–8 e1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Nomura S, Akagawa H, Yamaguchi K, Ishikawa T, Kawashima A, Kasuya H, et al. Rare and low-frequency variants in RNF213 confer susceptibility to Moyamoya syndrome associated with hyperthyroidism. World Neurosurg. 2019;127:e460–e6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Miyawaki S, Imai H, Takayanagi S, Mukasa A, Nakatomi H, Saito N. Identification of a genetic variant common to moyamoya disease and intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion. Stroke. 2012;43(12):3371–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Miyawaki S, Imai H, Shimizu M, Yagi S, Ono H, Mukasa A, et al. Genetic variant RNF213 c.14576G>a in various phenotypes of intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion. Stroke. 2013;44(10):2894–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bang OY, Chung JW, Cha J, Lee MJ, Yeon JY, Ki CS, et al. A polymorphism in RNF213 is a susceptibility gene for intracranial atherosclerosis. PLoS One. 2016;11(6):e0156607.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Choi EH, Lee H, Chung JW, Seo WK, Kim GM, Ki CS, et al. Ring finger protein 213 variant and plaque characteristics, vascular remodeling, and hemodynamics in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stroke: a high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and hemodynamic study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(20):e011996.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Okazaki S, Morimoto T, Kamatani Y, Kamimura T, Kobayashi H, Harada K, et al. Moyamoya disease susceptibility variant RNF213 p.R4810K increases the risk of ischemic stroke attributable to large-artery atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2019;139(2):295–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Kamimura T, Okazaki S, Morimoto T, Kobayashi H, Harada K, Tomita T, et al. Prevalence of RNF213 p.R4810K variant in early-onset stroke with intracranial arterial stenosis. Stroke. 2019;50(6):1561–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Matsuda Y, Mineharu Y, Kimura M, Takagi Y, Kobayashi H, Hitomi T, et al. RNF213 p.R4810K variant and intracranial arterial stenosis or occlusion in relatives of patients with Moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017;26(8):1841–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Yeung WTE, Mizuta I, Watanabe-Hosomi A, Yokote A, Koizumi T, Mukai M, et al. RNF213-related susceptibility of Japanese CADASIL patients to intracranial arterial stenosis. J Hum Genet. 2018;63(5):687–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hongo H, Miyawaki S, Imai H, Shinya Y, Ono H, Mori H, et al. Smaller outer diameter of atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery associated with RNF213 c.14576G>A variant (rs112735431). Surg Neurol Int. 2017;8:104.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Jee TK, Yeon JY, Kim SM, Bang OY, Kim JS, Hong SC. Prospective screening of extracranial systemic arteriopathy in young adults with moyamoya disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9:e016670.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Morimoto T, Mineharu Y, Ono K, Nakatochi M, Ichihara S, Kabata R, et al. Significant association of RNF213 p.R4810K, a moyamoya susceptibility variant, with coronary artery disease. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175649.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nomura S, Aihara Y, Akagawa H, Chiba K, Yamaguchi K, Kawashima A, et al. Can moyamoya disease susceptibility gene affect extracranial systemic artery stenosis? J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2019;29:104532.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Bang OY, Chung JW, Kim DH, Won HH, Yeon JY, Ki CS, et al. Moyamoya disease and spectrums of RNF213 vasculopathy. Transl Stroke Res. 2020;11(4):580–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Chang SA, Song JS, Park TK, Yang JH, Kwon WC, Kim SR, et al. Nonsyndromic peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis is associated with homozygosity of RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys regardless of co-occurrence of moyamoya disease. Chest. 2018;153(2):404–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fukushima H, Takenouchi T, Kosaki K. Homozygosity for moyamoya disease risk allele leads to moyamoya disease with extracranial systemic and pulmonary vasculopathy. Am J Med Genet A. 2016;170(9):2453–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Hara S, Shimizu K, Nariai T, Kishino M, Kudo T, Umemoto T, et al. De novo renal artery stenosis developed in initially normal renal arteries during the long-term follow-up of patients with moyamoya disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(8):104786.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Tashiro R, Fujimura M, Sakata H, Endo H, Tomata Y, Sato-Maeda M, et al. Genetic analysis of ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) c.14576G>A polymorphism in patients with vertebral artery dissection: a comparative study with moyamoya disease. Neurol Res. 2019;41(9):811–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Araki Y, Takagi Y, Mineharu Y, Kobayashi H, Miyamoto S, Wakabayashi T. Rapid contralateral progression of focal cerebral arteriopathy distinguished from RNF213-related moyamoya disease and fibromuscular dysplasia. Childs Nerv Syst. 2017;33(8):1405–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhou S, Ambalavanan A, Rochefort D, Xie P, Bourassa CV, Hince P, et al. RNF213 is associated with intracranial aneurysms in the French-Canadian population. Am J Hum Genet. 2016;99(5):1072–85.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Sauvigny T, Alawi M, Krause L, Renner S, Spohn M, Busch A, et al. Exome sequencing in 38 patients with intracranial aneurysms and subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurol. 2020;267(9):2533–45.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Torazawa S, Miyawaki S, Shinya Y, Kawashima M, Hasegawa H, Dofuku S, et al. De novo development of moyamoya disease after stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformation in a patient with RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys (rs112735431). World Neurosurg. 2020;140:276–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Shinya Y, Miyawaki S, Nakatomi H, Shin M, Teraoka A, Saito N. Hemorrhagic onset intracranial artery dissection of middle cerebral artery followed by progressive arterial stenosis with genetic variant RNF213 p.Arg4810Lys (rs112735431). World Neurosurg. 2020;141:192–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shunsuke Nomura .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nomura, S., Akagawa, H., Yamaguchi, K., Kawashima, A., Kawamata, T. (2021). RNF213 and Clinical Feature. In: Kuroda, S. (eds) Moyamoya Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6404-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6404-2_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-33-6403-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-33-6404-2

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics