Abstract
In recent decades, Indonesia has experienced rapid urbanization and economic growth, and since 2012 its urban population has grown by more than half. Since 2001 it has also transformed from being a highly centralized country to a highly decentralized one. The ensuing proliferation of local governments and municipalities poses new challenges and sets the context for contemplating the future trajectory of Indonesian urban governance. This chapter analyses a set of governance reforms the Indonesian government is implementing, and highlights some governance challenges in regard to improving urban planning and policy. It then also discusses Indonesia’s challenges in implementing the New Urban Agenda (NUA). The Indonesian government aims to adopt the NUA for guiding nationwide sustainable development goals (SDGs). Guided by the NUA, Indonesia has placed spatial planning at the centre of urban governance, with a mission to build inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities. Only time will tell if this set of governance reforms that Indonesia has launched could overcome the persistent challenges to its urban planning practices.
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Notes
- 1.
Using classification by Bappenas (National Planning Agency of Indonesia), large cities have populations between 500 thousand and a million, medium cities have populations between 100 and 500 thousand, while small cities have between 50 and 100 thousand populations (UNFPA 2015).
- 2.
According to the typology from World Bank by Rondinelli et al. (1983), there are four types of decentralization: deconcentration, delegation, devolution, and privatization. In deconcentration central government sets the guidelines and thus conducts direct monitoring and supervision to the local agents Meanwhile in devolution local agents are more independent to perform the administrative authority and the central government frequently exercises the supervisory control, in an indirect way.
- 3.
The Law No. 6 of 2016 on the Ratification of the Paris Agreement stipulates the nationally determined contribution (NDC) by Indonesia to reduce emission to 29% through unilateral effort (an increase by three percent compared to the National Action Plan to reduce greenhouse gases in Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011) and 41% (through international cooperation) in some sectors: forestry and peat land, agricultures, transportations and energies, industries, and wastes.
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Salim, W., Hudalah, D. (2020). Urban Governance Challenges and Reforms in Indonesia: Towards a New Urban Agenda. In: Dahiya, B., Das, A. (eds) New Urban Agenda in Asia-Pacific. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6709-0_6
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