Abstract
In Indonesia pre-existing systems of fisheries management were delegitimized during the ‘New Order Era’ (1966–1998), and revived after the ‘Reform Era’ began, in 1998. Three such systems are examined; the awig–awig and sawen of North Lombok, and the petuanan and sasi of Maluku. Based on the pre-existing system that contained sawen, with its basic values and norms for integrated management of forest, farmland and coastal resources, local people took the initiative to revive three awig–awig, and adapted them to both combat destructive fishing practices and implement sustainable fisheries management. Sea tenure in Maluku is based on the concept of petuanan laut, the sea territory of a particular social group, to which ‘the right to eat’ (compounded from the rights of access, usage and exploitation) and ‘the right of ownership’ are attached. Sasi refers to the beliefs, rules and rituals regarding temporal prohibitions for a petuanan laut. The performance of pre-existing fisheries management systems is evaluated and national policy for them examined.
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- 1.
Although awig–awig was introduced when the island formed part of the Balinese Empire, the institution has long been an integral part of the cultural system of Lombok (Bachtiar 2002).
- 2.
Blast fishing was introduced to Lombok by Japanese soldiers, who fished with explosives during the military occupation of Gili, Lombok Barat, which began in 1942 (Satria and Matsuda 2004a).
- 3.
The currency rate has been converted at IDR (Indonesian Rupiah) 10,235.21 = 1 USD (July 07, 2009).
- 4.
Petuanan is derived from tuan, lit. ‘owner’ or ‘master’. The prefix pe and suffix an add the notion of place to ‘tuan’.
- 5.
In contrast, outsiders do not require permission for non-destructive subsistence activities. However, community members will observe outsiders to evaluate their activities, and would not hesitate to drive them away should they suspect that their activities are illicit.
- 6.
See Monk et al. (1997) for a more detailed account.
- 7.
The second word in each pair refers to local names of locally controlled sea territory.
- 8.
The translation is taken, with slight modification, from Zerner (1994: 1114).
- 9.
However, data on the pre-colonial context are very limited, making convincing arguments difficult to construct.
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Satria, A., Adhuri, D.S. (2010). Pre-existing Fisheries Management Systems in Indonesia, Focusing on Lombok and Maluku. In: Ruddle, K., Satria, A. (eds) Managing Coastal and Inland Waters. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9555-8_2
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