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Historical Climate in Central Europe During the Last 500 Years

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The Polish Climate in the European Context: An Historical Overview

Abstract

Within the context of existing knowledge, this paper presents a climate paradigm for the past millennium, as divided into the segments known as the Medieval Climate Anomaly, the Little Ice Age and Recent Global Warming. Instrumental and documentary data for the study of climate variability in Central Europe over the past 500 years are described. A standard scheme of paleoclimatological reconstruction based on proxy data (temperature and precipitation indices derived from documentary evidence) is also presented. An overview of existing temperature reconstructions, based mainly on documentary evidence in Central Europe, is given. Fluctuations of climate in this region over the past 500 years are analysed in terms of newly developed indices and instrumental series for seasonal and annual Central European temperature (calculated from temperature in Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland) and precipitation (calculated from gridded precipitation in Europe for 45°–53°N and 5–18°E) series. They are compared with other existing temperature/precipitation series from Central Europe and its surroundings. Problems of climate reconstructions over the past 500 years are discussed with respect to the creation of temperature/precipitation indices from documentary data, methods of climate reconstruction and expression of the low-frequency signal in reconstructed series. Perspectives for further research related to the study climate variability over the last 500 years in Central Europe are formulated.

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Acknowledgments

The preparation of this paper was financially supported by EU project FP-6 no. 017008 European climate of the past millennium (MILLENNIUM). We would like to thank Jürg Luterbacher (Bern) and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the manuscript and Tony Long (Svinošice) for English style corrections. The following colleagues are acknowledged with gratitude for providing us with temperature/precipitation reconstructions: Ulf Büntgen (Birmensdorf), Joel Guiot (Aix-en-Provence), Lotta Leijonhufvud (Stockholm), Jürg Luterbacher (Bern), Tadeusz Niedźwiedź (Sosnowiec), Aryan van Engelen (de Bilt), Rob Wilson (Edinburgh).

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  1. Institute of Geography, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rudolf Brázdil & Petr Dobrovolný

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  1. Rudolf Brázdil
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Correspondence to Rudolf Brázdil .

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  1. Dept. Climatology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 9, Torun, 87-100, Poland

    Rajmund Przybylak

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Brázdil, R., Dobrovolný, P. (2010). Historical Climate in Central Europe During the Last 500 Years. In: Przybylak, R. (eds) The Polish Climate in the European Context: An Historical Overview. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3167-9_2

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