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The Global Scenario of Biofuel Production and Development

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Practices and Perspectives in Sustainable Bioenergy

Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

Bioenergy has been ranking number one among all forms of renewable energy consumed by human beings. Over the past two decades, tremendous investment has been made in biofuel development and production. This chapter reviews the global research, refinery, and utilization of biomass-based liquid biofuels as transportation petro-fuel substitutes. There are four major types of liquid biofuels: bioethanol, biodiesel, pyrolysis bio-oil, and drop-in transportation fuels. Bioethanol has been commercially produced from lignocellulosic materials since 2013, supplementing the annual 25.7 billion gallons from food crops. Biodiesel from oilseeds and animal fats reached the 8.3 billion gallons/yr production capacity, with further increases depending on new feedstock development. Pyrolysis bio-oil and most drop-in transportation fuel candidates are still in the development stage, facing cost-effective conversion and upgrading challenges. Commercial production of two drop-in biofuels, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), and Fischer–Tropsch liquids has just started or is starting. Overall, the global development and consumption of bioenergy and biofuels are steadily advancing, particularly in the cellulosic bioethanol and HVO sectors. By 2050, biofuels will likely account for 27% of the world’s liquid transportation fuel supply.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Delaware State University, 19901, Dover, DE, USA

    Mingxin Guo

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  1. Mingxin Guo
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Correspondence to Mingxin Guo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA

    Madhumi Mitra

  2. Department of Engineering and Aviation Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, USA

    Abhijit Nagchaudhuri

Appendices

Review Questions

  1. 1.

    Globally, what is the bioenergy potential for meeting human fuel demands?

  2. 2.

    Give examples of lignocellulosic materials.

  3. 3.

    What is the technological bottleneck for producing bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via alcohol fermentation?

  4. 4.

    Describe the advantages and challenges of second-generation biofuels.

  5. 5.

    What is transesterification?

  6. 6.

    Compare biodiesel with petrol diesel for differences in physical, chemical, and energy properties.

  7. 7.

    What is pyrolysis? What products can be obtained from fast pyrolysis of wood?

  8. 8.

    Pyrolysis bio-oil is comparable in fuel quality to commercial heating oil from petroleum. Is it true?

  9. 9.

    Name three candidates of drop-in transportation biofuels and briefly explain how they can be produced from plant biomass.

  10. 10.

    In the USA, what are currently the predominant feedstocks for bioethanol and biodiesel? Will these feedstocks be taken place of by other plant materials in the future?

Index

Biodiesel:

Bioenergy

Bioethanol:

Biofuel

Bio-oil:

Cellulose

Drop-in:

Feedstock

Fermentation:

Hemicellulose

Lignocellulosic:

Pyrolysis

Syngas:

Transesterification

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Guo, M. (2020). The Global Scenario of Biofuel Production and Development. In: Mitra, M., Nagchaudhuri, A. (eds) Practices and Perspectives in Sustainable Bioenergy. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3965-9_3

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