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Developments in Psychiatry in India pp 275–311Cite as

Autism Spectrum Disorder: 70 Years on and the Plot Thickens

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Abstract

In 1943, Leo Kanner described 11 children with autistic disturbances of affective contact. A year later, he called this condition Early Infantile Autism. He described with great clarity, the basic symptoms, which still define the condition. In 70 years, we have not improved on the inclusion criteria for the diagnosis. Autism continues to be a disorder characterised by patterns of delay and deviance in the development of social and communicative skills with problems of repetitive and restricted behaviour, often with exceptional skills, arising in the first few years of life. Everything else about autism is a controversy. As a postgraduate student or resident, my first seminar in child psychiatry was on autism and I believe my abiding interest in autism began in 1975. At that time, the incidence was 1:40,000 children. It is hard to believe that the reported incidence of today, varying from 1 in 500 children to 1 in 88 children is only a matter of smarter doctors, teachers and parents.

U.S. Naik, Emeritus Professor

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Action for Autism www.autism-india.org/afa.

  2. 2.

    National Trust for the Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act 44 of 1999. New Delhi.

  3. 3.

    Persons with Disability Act. Government of India. Persons with disabilities (Equal opportunities, Protection of rights and Full participation), Act, 1995, New Delhi.

  4. 4.

    Insel T, http://www.nimh.nih.gov/about/2013/the-four-ingdoms-of-autism.shtml. The four kingdoms of Autism Thomas Insel on February 26, 2013.

  5. 5.

    Tedtalk TEDTalk 2010 Temple Grandin.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India

    U. S. Naik

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    Savita Malhotra

  2. Department. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institution of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Chandigarh, India

    Subho Chakrabarti

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Naik, U.S. (2015). Autism Spectrum Disorder: 70 Years on and the Plot Thickens. In: Malhotra, S., Chakrabarti, S. (eds) Developments in Psychiatry in India. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1674-2_15

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