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Phoniatrics I pp 619–712Cite as

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language

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Part of the book series: European Manual of Medicine ((EUROMANUAL))

Abstract

This chapter describes the diagnostic process necessary for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of developmental disorders of speech and language (DDSL). This process starts with an interview of the parents and addresses the medical history, previous or current treatments, social conditions and family history of the child. Parents’ questionnaires are useful tools to assess the child’s language, sensory, motor, socio-emotional and cognitive developmental status. Central to the diagnostic process is the assessment of the age-related speech-language status of a child. It starts from the evaluation of spontaneous speech via informal assessment methods up to standardized language tests, the use of which is imperative. An algorithm of the diagnostics of DDSL, focusing on specific DDSL (SDDSL) and considering comorbidities, is an essential part of this chapter. Examples of language screenings and tests, and language-covering developmental tests, are outlined for German and English languages.

The chapter provides examination protocols for the articulation of speech sounds and oral-motor, tactile and kinaesthetic skills of children, including objective speech motor analysis, e.g. by articulography and sonography of articulation organs. In order to complement the evaluation of the language-relevant developmental status of a child, neuropaediatric and psychological examinations may be necessary, including the assessment of a child’s cognitive and general developmental status, behaviour, attention, laboratory and clinical neurophysiological examinations, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and radiological examinations, in particular cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computer tomography (CT).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Diacritics are symbols to indicate slight deviance of sound articulation; examples are aspiration of a plosive [e.g. /tʰ/] or more centralized articulation of a vowel [e.g. /ë/].

  2. 2.

    As defined by Thoonen et al. (1994), syntagmatic errors are related to the context, such as anticipations, perseverations and transpositions; paradigmatic errors are speech sound errors of place, manner or voice, not induced by the context.

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Author information

Author notes

  1. The authors Mona Hegazi and Barbara Maciejewska have contributed equally to Sect. 11.9.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Speech-Language Pathology and Psychology, Salmiya, Kuwait

    Tahany AbdelKarim Elsayed

  2. Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Univ.-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

    Wolfgang Angerstein

  3. Clinica Foniatria Y Logopedia Bielsa, Talavera de la Reina, Spain

    María Bielsa Corrochano

  4. Clinic of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Dirk Deuster, Andrea Joe Embacher, Peter Matulat, Karen Reichmuth & Melanie Vauth

  5. Department of Neuroradiological Diagnostics and Intervention, University Hospital Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Uta Hanning

  6. ENT Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mona Hegazi

  7. Phoniatrics/Pediatric Audiological Psychology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Christiane Kiese-Himmel

  8. Center for Language and Cognition Groningen and Department of Neurosciences/BCN, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Ben A. M. Maassen

  9. Department of Neurosciences/BCN, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, The Netherlands

    Ben A. M. Maassen

  10. Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

    Barbara Maciejewska

  11. Clinica Foniatria Y Logopedia, Pamplona, Spain

    Ana Martínez Arellano

  12. Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, ENT Clinic, St. Elisabeth Hospital, University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany

    Katrin Neumann

  13. Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Thomas Niederstadt

  14. Abteilung Gehör-, Sprach- u. Stimmheilkunde, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland

    Jochen Rosenfeld

  15. Department of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Rainer Schönweiler

  16. Centre for Neuroscience of Speech, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    Adam P. Vogel

  17. Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Dagmar Weise

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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Clinic of Phoniatrics, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany

    Antoinette am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen

  2. Department of Phoniatrics and Audiology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland

    Bozena Wiskirska-Woznica

  3. St. Elisabeth-Hospital, Abt. für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Ruhr University Bochum HNO-Universitätsklinik, Bochum, Germany

    Katrin Neumann

  4. Klinik für Audiologie und Phoniatrie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany

    Tadeus Nawka

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AbdelKarim Elsayed, T. et al. (2020). Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Developmental Disorders of Speech and Language. In: am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen, A., Wiskirska-Woznica, B., Neumann, K., Nawka, T. (eds) Phoniatrics I. European Manual of Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46780-0_11

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